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The Growth of Rome: Territory, Trade, and Social Struggles in the Late Republic

Within 200 years of Rome's establishment, the Republic experienced significant geographical and economic expansion. Conquests in Italy granted access to resources and trade routes, while the Punic Wars with Carthage extended the empire's influence beyond Italy. However, rapid growth led to social inequalities and civil strife, exemplified by the Gracchi brothers' reforms and Spartacus's slave revolt. Understanding these dynamics reveals the complexities of Roman society as it navigated prosperity and conflict.

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The Growth of Rome: Territory, Trade, and Social Struggles in the Late Republic

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  1. The Late Republic Chapter 6 Section 3

  2. I Growth of Territory and Trade • W/in 200 yrs. of the establishment of Rome it began to grow geog & econ. • Roman conquest in Italy gave them access to an iron industry • Shipping goods all around the Med. Sea

  3. A. Growth of Territory • Gaul's (France) attack Romepays them to leave city • As a result other groups began to attack Romans but fended off most of attacks • Legion is why they were successful • Roman Legion= 6,000 or more soldiers that were divided into centuries • Centuries=100 soldiers • Break up of legions allowed for flexibility • Could fight as 1 large force or several smaller ones

  4. B. Farming & Trade • As Rome grew farmers left farms and migrated to city • Wealthy Romans built large farms operated by slaves • Rome grew too big for farmers too feed all RomansRoman merchants purchase food from other parts of Med. • Brought metal goods too • Used coins made of gold, copper, silver

  5. II Rome Grows beyond ItalyA. Punic Wars • Series of wars between Carthage (N. Af.) & Rome over Sicily • 1st Punic wars Carthage sends soldiers to spicily Rome wins! • 2nd Punic wars Carthage attack Rome under HANNIBALs leadershipRome under Scipio leadership wins

  6. 3rd Punic wars= Rome fears Carthage too powerfuldeclares war on Carthage • Romans defeat Carthaginians • Burn and salt the city to ensure nothing ever grows there • Romans annexed part of N Af.gain grain, gold, & silvermakes Rome wealthy which would help later expansion

  7. II Crisis Strikes the Republic • Prosperity brought unequal dist. Of wealth class frictioncivil war • Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus • Were bros and proponents of social reform in the republic • Tiberiuswanted to create farms for the poor on public land which wealthy had obtained illegally • Gaius sold cheap food to poor citizensangered wealthy Romans

  8. Fearing the bros were too successfulenemies had them assassinated • Citizens view violence as political weapon for those who disagreed with the wealthy

  9. B. Spartacus • Roman society made extensive use of slave labor • 1/3 of Roman pop were slaves • Often chained together in extremely harsh conditions • Spartacus=gladiator led revolt in Rome • Conquers part of southern Rome • Roman army puts down rebellion

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