The Egyptian Empire

1. The Egyptian Empire Chapter 4 Section 1

2. Warm up • What did King Tut’s father do during his rule? How did this affect the Empire? • What was the most important thing King Tut did during his rule? • Write down a description of what Egyptians believe happens when they die. How do they get to the afterlife?

3. Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt • After the prosperity of the Middle Kingdom, Egypt descended into war and violence. • Caused by a streak of weak pharaohs. • The weakened Egypt eventually fell to invaders who utilized chariots. • Hyksos. • This invasion shook the Egyptians confidence in their desert barriers.

7. Hebrews Migrate to Egypt • During the rule of the Hyksos, the Hebrews migrated into Egypt. • The Egyptians hated the Hyksos and the Hebrews but they were powerless to remove them.

8. Expulsion and Slavery • The Egyptians had a series of warlike rulers who began to help restore Egypt’s power. • The Egyptians eventually ran the Hyksos out of Egypt. • The Hebrews remained in Egypt and were enslaved, forced to work hard labor.

11. The New Kingdom of Egypt • After getting rid of the Hyksos, the pharaohs of the New Kingdom wanted to strengthen Egypt by building an empire. – an empire brings several peoples or states under the control of one ruler. • During the New Kingdom era, Egypt becomes more wealthy and powerful than ever before. • Equipped with bronze weapons and chariots, the Egyptians became conquerors. • Their armies contained archers, charioteers, and infantry.

12. Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule • Took power because her stepson was too young to rule. • Hatshepsut spent her time encouraging trade rather than only waging war. • These trading expeditions brought even more wealth into the Empire.

14. Thutmose Builds an Empire • Hatshepsut’s stepson. He was much more warlike than Hatshepsut. • It is possible that he murdered Hatshepsut. • Thutmose pushed the Egyptian armies into Nubia – a region of Africa on the Nile river, south of Egypt. • The Egyptians had traded with the Nubians since the time of the Middle Kingdom, but now Egypt was so strong, they just took them over.

16. The Egyptians and the Hittites • Egypt’s conquest had brought them into conquest with the Hittites. • After a few small battles, the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses II and a Hittite king made a treaty that promised “peace and brotherhood between us forever.” Aka, bffs.

18. An Age of Builders • In search of security in the afterlife – and protection from grave robbers – they hid their tombs beneath desert cliffs. • They also built elaborate temples and huge palaces for themselves.

19. Ramses II was one of the greatest builders of the New Kingdom. • He had huge statues of himself built all over the empire. • He was incredibly full of himself and wanted history to remember him as superman.

20. The Empire Declines • Other strong civilizations rose to challenge Egypt’s power.

21. Invasions by Land and Sea • Both the Egyptians, and their friends, the Hittites were attacked by invaders called the “Sea Peoples”. • We don’t know exactly who they were, but they caused great destruction. • In the east, Palestinians were rebelling against the Egyptian Empire and in the west, Libyans began raiding Egyptian villages.

23. Egypt’s Empire Fades • After suffering the invasions, Egypt never recovered its previous power. • The Empire broke up into regional units, and numerous smaller kingdoms took its place. • These kingdoms were not united and wanted to maintain their independence. • The individual kingdoms soon fell to their neighbors invasions.

24. Libyans crossed the desert from the west and Libyan pharaohs ruled Egypt. • Instead of imposing their own culture, the Libyans adopted the Egyptian way of life.