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Dive into the intricacies of Latin grammar with this comprehensive overview of third-declension adjectives, the fourth conjugation, interrogative pronouns, and reflexive pronouns. Learn about key terms like "iuvenis," meaning young, and "brevis," meaning brief, alongside their variations. Explore practical examples and phrases, including the famous Gaudeāmus hymn, which celebrates youth and life. Understanding these grammatical elements will enhance your mastery of Latin, making it easier to construct sentences and express complex ideas.
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Chapters 12–13 Third-declension adjectives The fourth conjugation Interrogative pronoun Reflexive pronoun Time expressions
Gaudeāmusigitur, iuvenēsdumsumus. Let us rejoice young while Gaudeāmusigitur, iuvenēsdumsumus. Post iūcundamiuventūtem, post molestamsenectūtem, pleasant youth troublesome old-age Nōshabēbit humus, nōshabēbit humus. soil 1. Third-declension adjectives A later verse: Vita nostra brevisest …
1. Third declension adjectives iuvenis, -e young brevis, -e brief fortis, -e strong dulcis, -e sweet omnis, -e every “Two terminations”: iuvenis (m./f.), iuvene (n.) All third-declension adjectives are “i-stems”
1. Third-declension adjectives “Three terminations”: ācer (m.), ācris (f.), ācre (n.) “One termination”: ingēns (m./f./n.) Note: ingentis is the gen. sg. form.
homo sapiēns thinking man fēlixilleestquīpotestrērumcognoscerecausās. Happy is he who can learn the causes of things. dulceet decōrumestprōpatriāmorī. It is sweet and glorious to die on behalf of one’s country. ēplūribusūnum from out of many, one omnibus (a vehicle) for all 1. Third-declension adjectives
2. The fourth conjugation Present active imperative: venī! venīte!
3. Interrogative pronoun quisnuncteadibit? cuiuideberisbella? Who now will approach you? To whom will you seem fine? quemnuncamabis? cuiusessediceris? Whom will you now love? Whose will you be said to be? quembasiabis? cui labella mordebis? Whom will you kiss? For whom will you bite the lips?
quis, quid 3. Interrogative pronouns quibus: i.e., a third conjugation form; but we also see quīs
5. Reflexive pronouns Harrison College House nōnsibisedtōtī nōnsibisōlīsedtōtī nōnsibisedpatriae
5. Reflexive pronoun “himself herself itself themselves” Plus the reflexive possessive adjective: suus, -a, -um “his own, her own, its own”
Scenario 1: Narcissus looks at himself 5. Reflexive pronoun Pronoun refers to same person as subject: pronoun is reflexive. Narcissus sēvidēbat. “Egōmēvideō!” Narcissus suamumbramvidēbat. “Egōmeamumbramvideō!” Scenario 2: Narcissus looks at a friend. Pronoun refers to different person than subject: Pronoun is not reflexive. Narcissus eumvidēbat. “Egōtēvideō!” Narcissus eiusumbramvidēbat. “Egōtuamumbramvideō!”
