Machine tools ( 工具機 )

Machine tools (工具機)

車床

CNC車床

手動三軸工具機 Z軸 Y軸 X軸

CNC三軸工具機

Z軸 Y軸 a軸 X軸 b軸

龍門式

雙軸同動技術

史都華六軸平台

Section A Introduction 1、SHOP SAFETY ◎ Identify and use common shop safety equipment. (eye, foot, ear protection) ◎ Identify common shop hazards.

2、MECHANICAL HARDWARE THREADS(螺紋) Fig：A-16(螺桿、螺紋) ◎ major diameter、pitch diameter minor diameter、pitch、thread angle ◎功用：machine tool… ◎三總種類(UNC UNF UNS) 1/2in.－13UNC in(英吋)

FIT(匹配) 1/2in.－13UNC 2A in(英制) 1A、2A、3A A：external thread 1B、2B、3B B：internal thread ◎1A and 1B have the greatest manufacturing tolerance. (Table：A-3) ISO mm(公制) M10×1.5 (Table：A-3) ◎ Has 25 thread sizes with major diameter ranging from 1.6mm to 100mm.

Bolts(公螺絲)、nut(母螺絲)、 screws (螺絲釘) Fig：A-17 ◎The strength of an assembly of parts depends to a large extent on the diameter of the screw or bolts used. ◎The minimum thread engagement should be a distance equal to the diameter of the screw used；preferably it would be1.5 time the screw diameter.

Machine bolts： Fig：A-18 ◎With hexagonal or square heads. These bolts are often used in the assembly of parts that do not require a precision bolt. Common bolts： Class 2A (UNC UNF) ◎ hexagonal heads：1/4 in~4in square heads.1/4in~1.5in

Stud bolts： ◎The end of the stud bolt screwed into the tapped hold has a class 3A thread, while the nut end is a class 2A thread. Carriage bolts： ◎used to fasten wood and metal parts together.

Machine screws： ◎Made with either coarse or fine thread and are used for general assembly works. ◎are slotted to be driven by screwdrivers. Fig：A-22 ◎diameter from 1/4in to 3/4in, Below 1/4 in screw has identified by numbers from 0 to 12. ◎EXAMPLE Setscrews： ◎Are used to lock pulleys or collars or shafts.

Square head setscrews： ◎toolholders or as jackscrews. NUTS： ◎most nuts are either hex or square A thin hex nut is called a jam nut. It is used where space is limited. Fig：A-34 Internal thread insert：(螺紋襯套) Fig：A-35

Washers(墊片) ◎Distribute the pressure over a larger area, prevent the marring of a finished surface. Fig：A-40(多種墊片) Pins, Retaining Rings, Keys： ◎Dowel pins、Taper pins：are heat treated and precision ground. ◎Retaining Rings：internally and externally. ◎Keys

3、READING DRAWINGS Communication between the designer and the people who produce the final product.

Section B Hand Tools 1. ARBOR AND SHOP PRESSES ◎two basic types：hydraulic and mechanical. ◎the major uses are bushing(襯套) installation and removal. Fig：B-1 Fig：B-2 Installing Bushings(襯套、軸承結合) ◎interference fit(干涉) or press fit ◎bronze and hardened stell ◎bushing should have chamfer Fig：B-5 ◎Fig：B-6、B-7、B-8、B-9、B-11

Keyseat (Keyway) Broaching 1.choose the bushing that fits the bore and the broach. 2.correct-size into the bushing slot. 3.place this assembly in the arbor press. 4.lubricate 5.push the broach through 6.lean the broach 7.place second-pass shim in place 8.repeat 4~7

2.Hacksaws鋼鋸 ◎1/2in-wide and 0.25in thick ◎ set(變形)：鋸齒在每一側偏某一距離，已讓齒背存在有一些間隙Fig：B-69 ◎可分為：straight set、wavy set(common use) ◎pitches are 14,18,24,32 teeth per inch 3.Files 銼刀 Fig：B-74 different length。

4.Hand Reamers手鉸刀 ◎ fig B-101 ◎用處(定位pins) ◎ 0.001~0.005 Removal amount ◎ high-carbon ,or high –speed steel ◎ taper help 保持垂直、對準 ◎ 手鉸刀可視為刮刀，not cutting tool 通常是zero radial on the cutting face. fig B-102 ◎ Straight flute Helical flute 對於有keyseat（smooth cutting） ◎ The right-hand cut with a left-hand helix is considered standard for hand reamer.

膨脹鉸刀（Fig 105） （0.006/~1/2in, 0.01/1/2~1in, 0.012/Φ1~1.5in）：錐形螺絲來控制；可膨脹0.006in鉸刀本體中心開一錐孔（0.015mm）刀槽並製有削槽，插入錐度栓可使錐度部擴張。可調整鉸刀(Fig106) 本體製有螺紋，留有taped槽，將有錐度的blade 置入slot中，調二端螺帽，以變化刀直徑 Φ =1/4~3 in，調整範圍1/32 in~5/16 in

Taper pin reamers(Fig B-107,B-108) ◎ straight flute and spiral flute taper pin hand reamer. Morse taper socket reamer (Fig B-109,B-110) 5.Use of Hand Reamed (Fig B-111, B-112) ◎對小而輕功件則固定reamer，轉動工件 ◎鉸孔前,去毛邊以獲得較佳的孔位對齊 ◎鉸孔利用切削液，增加表面精度但鑄鐵、黃銅不需要

Machine tools ( 工具機 )

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