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Biology Basics Explained in Simple Terms

Understand fundamental concepts in biology like protein structure, cell transport processes, natural selection, and ecological interactions. Learn about taxonomy, concentration gradients, and more.

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Biology Basics Explained in Simple Terms

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  1. Semester 1 Review

  2. Made of smaller units called amino acids • Protein • Lipids • Carbohydrates • Nucleic Acids

  3. The grouping of objects or information based on similarities is called • Taxonomy • Classification • Evolution • Genus

  4. a difference between concentrations in a space • Osmosis • Diffusion • Concentration Gradient • Exocytosis

  5. A well tested explanation that connects a wide range of observations. • Scientific Law • Inference • Hypothesis • Scientific Theory

  6. A possible explanation or idea about a question or problem that can be formally tested. • Fact • Inference • Hypothesis • Experiment

  7. The mouse is at the (?) trophic level • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4

  8. Concentrations of dissolved particles are higher outside the cell than inside the cell • Isotonic • Hypertonic • Hypotonic

  9. All of the changes during the lifetime of an organism • Adaptations • Evolution • Growth • Development

  10. 1 benefits, other unaffected • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism • Predation

  11. Biological Magnification • 10% of energy is passed from each trophic level to the next • Toxic compounds accumulate in the tissues of organisms. • The progression of the food chain from autotroph to highest-order heterotroph. • Larger organisms are found higher in the food chain.

  12. Ability to Adjust to Surroundings & maintain internal/external stability • Stimulus • Organization • Homeostasis • Growth & Development

  13. movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. • Osmosis • Concentration Gradient • Diffusion • Dynamic Equilibrium

  14. A stimulus is: • action organism takes when stimulus occurs • condition that requires an organism to adjust • Ability to maintain internal/external stability to survive • Where all parts function together in an orderly system

  15. A statement of fact meant to explain an action.It is generally accepted to be true and universal, and can sometimes be expressed in terms of a single mathematical equation. • Scientific Law • Scientific Theory • Hypothesis • Inference

  16. This point that a population oscillates around is the (?) for that particular organism • Limiting Factor • Exponential Growth • Carrying Capacity • Linear Growth

  17. microbes that live in conditions that would kill other creatures • Autophiles • Sessile • Extremophiles • Eubacteria

  18. branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on their characteristics • Taxonomy • Classification • Evolution • Genus

  19. Taxa from most specific to most broad • Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain • Class, Species, Genus, Order, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain, Family • Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species • Species, Family, Genus, Order, Phylum, Class, Kingdom, Domain

  20. Coined the term “Natural Selection” • LaMarck • Mendel • Darwin • Hooke

  21. Linnaean system of classification • Biological Taxa • Taxonomical classification • Binomial nomenclature • Classification nomenclature

  22. Believed that parents could use or disuse organs and lose or acquire traits during their lifetime • LaMarck • Mendel • Darwin • Hooke

  23. Evolution is: • Small changes accumulate over a large amount of time, and populations change • Species acquired traits from parents • Individual organisms changing over time, passing changes to offspring • Two species eventually becoming one new one

  24. The most abundant gas in our atmosphere, but it is not in a form we can use. • Oxygen • Carbon • Nitrogen • Phosphorus

  25. Nonliving parts of an organisms environment. • Biotic factors • Limiting factors • Abiotic factors • Biome

  26. The physical space where an organism lives • Biome • Community • Habitat • Niche

  27. A form of transport aided by transport proteins that doesn’t use energy • Osmosis • Passive transport • Facilitated transport • Active transport

  28. A specialized role a species has in its habitat. • Biome • Community • Habitat • Niche

  29. Whole living layer around the globe • Biome • Biosphere • Habitat • Ecosystem

  30. (?) are a body’s main source of energy. • Protein • Fatty Acids • Nucleic Acids • Carbohydrates

  31. Another name for a producer • Heterotroph • Omnivore • Herbivore • Autotroph

  32. 2 species have a close & permanent relationship together • Predation • Community • Symbiosis • Niche

  33. (?) keep phospholipid tails from sticking • Fatty Acid • Carbohydrates • Water • Cholesterol

  34. The mouse is a (?) level heterotroph • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4

  35. Chemical energy is released and allows the (?) to change shape, particle is moved to the other side of membrane • Carrier protein • Channel protein • Plasma Membrane • Transport protein

  36. non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem it is currently in. • Extremophile • 2nd order heterotroph • Invasive Species • Indicator Species

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