Folkert de Jong Common Wadden Sea Secretariat

1. The WFD and the Habitat Directive in the perspective of Integrated Ecosystem Management Folkert de Jong Common Wadden Sea Secretariat

2. Increase of Internationalisation Legislation Contacts The WFD and the Habitat Directive in the perspective of Integrated Ecosystem Management From sectoral to integrated Ecosystem Administration Sustainable development Increase of Participation and Consultation User groups General public Local and regional authorities

3. Integrated Coastal Zone Management Integrated Ecosystem Management Key Features Integration Participation Goals

4. USE THE EXPERIENCES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF 25 YEARS OF Trilateral Wadden Sea Cooperation In the implementation of WFD and Habitat Directive Integration Participation Goals

5. Trilateral Cooperation on the Protection of the Wadden Sea Since 1978, the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark have been cooperating to conserve and protect the Wadden Sea as a an ecological entity Guiding principle “to achieve, as far as possible, a natural and sustainable ecosystem in which natural processes proceed in an undisturbed way”

6. Trilateral Cooperation on the Protection of the Wadden Sea Since the beginning of the 1990s an increasing awareness of the relevance of social and economic aspects (safety, employment, identity, cultural history…) From Wadden Sea to Wadden Sea Region

7. Trilateral Cooperation on the Protection of the Wadden Sea

8. Integration Participation Goals Trilateral Cooperation on the Protection of the Wadden Sea Trilateral Wadden Sea Plan, 1997 Rules and Regulations Monitoring and Assessment

9. Integrated Coastal Zone Management Key Features Integration Participation Goals

10. Integration International <> Regional Cross-sectoral Management Common Management Principles Common Goals

11. Trilateral Coordination of International Agreements • European Directives • Convention on Biological Diversity • Ramsar Convention • Bonn Convention: Seal AgreementASCOBANS, AEWA • OSPAR and North Sea Conferences • IMO: PSSA Waddensea • UNESCO: World Heritage Wadden Sea

12. Interregional Wadden Sea Cooperation Wadden Sea Forum

14. Integration Trilateral Cooperation Common Management Plan Sectoral structure Regionality <> Internationality Differences in implementation

15. Integrated Coastal Zone Management Key Features Integration Participation Goals

16. Participation Conflicting interests Sustainable use weighing ecological, social and economic aspects 0 Responsibilities Top down <> Bottom up Transparancy

17. PARTICIPATION • I. Members • A. Government • Regional authorities • Local authorities • B. User/interest Groups • Agriculture • Industry (incl. harbor) • Fisheries • Tourism/recreation • Energy (oil, gas, wind) • Nature/environment • II. Observers • National governments • Advisory boards • Independent experts

18. PARTICIPATION Trilateral Wadden Sea Forum „Scenarios for sustainable development“ 1. Evaluation of present uses (including small-scale domestic uses) for sustainability in relation to present and future conservation and nature development goals. 2. Identification of the main conflicts between uses and the present and anticipated future status of the Wadden Sea ecosystem. 3. Inventory of long-term perspectives of economic, social and ecological development. 4. Inventory of management proposals which are best adapted to long term perspectives.

19. Participation Common boundary conditons Common GoalsCommon delimitation „Level playing field“ Responsibilities Transparancy Participation and involvement

20. Integrated Coastal Zone Management Key Features Integration Participation Goals

21. Setting of Goals Habitat Directive: „favorable conservation status for species and habitats = extent and range of habitats will maintained or increased = viability, population size and range of species will be maintained Water Framework Directive: „good ecological status for water bodies“= condition of quality elements: biological, hydromorphological, physico-chemical

22. Ecosystem Goals: Conditions Scientific Quantitative Causal Relationship Indicative of Ecosystem (component) Attractive to politicians Realistic monitoring requirements Regional specification Communication with stakeholders Participation of stakeholders

23. Ecosystem Goals: Evaluation Criteria Scientific Credibility Applicability in Policy and Management Suitability for Communication with Stakeholders

24. Trilateral Wadden Sea Targets Ecological Targets Tidal Area Salt Marshes Beaches and Dunes Estuaries Offshore Zone Rural Area Quality of Water, Sediment and Biota Marine Mammals Birds Landscape and Cultural History Targets 0

25. Tidal Area Targets A natural dynamic situation in the Tidal Area An increased area of geomorphologically and biologically undisturbed tidal flats An increased area and a more natural distribution and development of natural mussel beds, Sabellaria reefs and Zostera fields Viable stocks and a natural reproduction capacity, including juvenile survival, of common seal and grey seal Favorable conditions for migrating and breeding birds A favorable food availability A natural breeding success Sufficiently large undisturbed roosting and moulting areas Natural flight (escape) distances

26. Concentration resulting from zero discharge Background Concentration substance Increase size of area Eutrophication Non-problem area

28. Wadden Sea Targets: 10 years Experience Scientific Credibility Good: No scientific conflicts Applicability in Policy and Management Good: Structuring of assessment and monitoring Structuring Policy and Management Guidance development of measures Regional specification Suitability for Communication with Stakeholders Good: Regional and Sectoral Specification possible General Support

29. Targets: Focal point of diverging interests Targets: Focal Points of diverging interests

30. Goals Common set of Targets Suitable for policy and management Suitable for communication with stakeholders To be extended with social and economic Targets

31. The WFD and the Habitat Directive in the perspective of Integrated Ecosystem Management From sectoral to integrated Ecosystem Administration Sustainable development Increase of Internationalisation Legislation Contacts Increase of Participation and Consultation User groups General public Local and regional authorities

32. Conclusions Further need for international Harmonisation Coordination Integration Transparancy

33. Conclusions The Trilateral Target concept provides a well-tried framework for further Harmonisation Coordination Integration Transparancy

34. Proposal Within the international Wadden Sea region: Tune the elaboration and implementation of the Habitat and Water Framework Directives with the trilateral Target concept

35. Advantages Existing framework (Targets, TMAP, Data Handling), i.e. no double work, no duplication of work Well-known, well-tried Further harmonisation More transparancy

36. Compatibility? Water Frame Directive: • - • + • - • + • - • + • + • - • - • - Targets: • Landscape + Culture • Water and Sediment • Salt Marshes • Tidal Area (eu- and sublitoral) • Beaches and Dunes • Estuaries • Offshore Zone • Rural Area • Birds • Marine Mammals Habitats / Birds Directive: • - • (indirectly) • + • + (partly) • + • + • + • + • + • +

37. The Implementation Criteria for selecting TMAP parameters: • Trilateral Targets • Availability (methods, existing programs), • Cost - Benefit Analysis „Common Package“ Compatibility? The TMAP Concept Deduction of parameters from 5 „Issues of Concern“ • Climate Change • Input of substances (nutrients, pollutants) • Fishery • Tourism • Agriculture Common Data Handling

38. Trilateral Cooperation on the Protection of the Wadden Sea WWW.WADDENSEA-SECRETARIAT.ORG WWW.WADDENSEA-FORUM.ORG

39. Fisheries Coastal Protection Tourism and Recreation Mineral Extraction Water Quality Shipping Hunting Military Activities Civil Air Traffic Wind Energy Trilateral Cooperation on the Protection of the Wadden Sea 0