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Introduction to Electrical Concepts: Charge, Voltage, Current, Joule

Learn about key electrical concepts including charge, voltage, current, and Joule, and how they relate to each other. Understand Coulomb, units of charge, and the flow of energy in a circuit in this informative guide.

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Introduction to Electrical Concepts: Charge, Voltage, Current, Joule

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  1. So, how do we create current?

  2. When two materials of opposite charge are connected by a conductor, the charges travel from one material to the other

  3. Coulomb: Unit of charge. Equal to the amount of charge on 6.24*10^18 electrons. Or, the number of electrons in ~25microns of wire. [10^(-6)]m (C) This can be thought of as the amount of water a hose can carry in a small sliver of the hose.

  4. Voltage: Difference in electric potential energy between two points in space or in a wire. Expressed in Joules per Coulomb. (J/C) Voltage can be thought of as the pressure in a hose pushing the water along. Remember Joules are a measure of “energy”.

  5. Joule: Unit of energy. Expressed in Newton meters, i.e. the energy expended in applying one Newton of force through one meter. (J) Lift a quarter pound one meter.

  6. Current: Motion of charges through a wire. Specifically, the number of electrons which pass through a cross section of wire per second. (C/S) Analogous to the amount of water flowing through a hose per second.

  7. Watts: The amount of energy per second passing through a wire. (J/S)

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