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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. ﴿و ما أوتيتم من العلم إلا قليلا﴾. صدق الله العظيم الاسراء اية 58. Physiology of Special Senses. By Dr. Abdel Aziz M. Hussein Lecturer of Medical Physiology. Special Senses. Vision (Eye). Hearing (Ear). Smell (Nose). Equilibrium (Inner Ear). Taste (Tongue).

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ﴿و ما أوتيتم من العلم إلا قليلا﴾ صدق الله العظيم الاسراء اية 58 Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  2. Physiology of Special Senses By Dr. Abdel Aziz M. Hussein Lecturer of Medical Physiology Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  3. Special Senses Vision (Eye) Hearing (Ear) Smell (Nose) Equilibrium (Inner Ear) Taste (Tongue) The special senses are the senses that have specialized organsdevoted to them; Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  4. Special Senses Special sensory receptors Localized – confined to the head region Receptors are not free endings of sensory neurons Special receptor cells Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  5. Physiology of Vision Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  6. Vision Vision is a complex process through which an image of the external environment is formed on the retina of the eye, and then conducted as a nerve impulse to the brain where it is interpreted and recognized Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  7. Importance of Vision 1. Informing the nervous system about the external environment 2. Learning and education 3. Postural reflexes and equilibrium

  8. The Eye(Organ of Vision) Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  9. The Eye Lacrimal Gland • The eye is the organ of vision which consists of 2 parts; • Eyeball • Extraocular accessory structure Eyeball Eyelid Lacrimal drainage system Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  10. The eyeball Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  11. Eyeball Sclera Conjunctiva Retina Cornea Pupil Iris Ciliary Body Choroid Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  12. Accessory Structures Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  13. Accessory Structures • Eyelids. • Conjunctiva. • Lacrimal apparatus. • Extraocular muscles. Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  14. The Eyelids Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  15. The Eyelids Upper Eyelid Eyelashes Palpebral Fissure Lateral Canthus Medial Canthus Lower Eyelid Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  16. The Eyelids Conjunctiva Eyelashes Meibomain gland Skin Orbicularis Oculi ms Lower eyelid Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  17. Muscles of the Eyelids Levator Palpebrae superioris Orbicularis Oculi Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  18. Lid Movements (Blinking) 3. Reflex blinking 2.Spontaneous blinking: (Rhythmic blinking) Voluntary blinking Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  19. Functions of Lid Movements Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  20. The Conjunctiva Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  21. The Conjunctiva Bulbar conjunctiva Palpebral conjunctiva Fornix Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  22. The Conjunctiva • help free movement of the eyeball Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  23. Lacrimal Apparatus Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  24. Anatomy of Lacrimal Apparatus Lacrimal Canaliculus Lacrimal Gland Nasolacrimal sac Lacrimal Puncti Nasolacrimal duct Inferior nasal meatus Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  25. Control of lacrimal secretion Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  26. Unconditioned reflex Irritation of Conjunctiva Trigeminal Nerve Lacrimal Center Facial Nerve Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  27. Functions of lacrimal secretion Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  28. Precorneal Tear Film Superficial oily layer Precorneal tear film Middle tear layer Deep mucous layer Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  29. Extraocular Muscles Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  30. Innervation of Extraocular Muscles Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein Medial long. bundle

  31. Extraocular Muscles Action Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  32. Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  33. Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  34. Self Test • About the lacrimal apparatus, all the followings are true except; • The lacrimal punctum, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct constitute the excretory lacrimal system. • Lacrimal fluid is an alkaline hypertonic solution of sodium chloride. • The refractive index of tears and aqueous humour is 1.33. • Tear has antibacterial action due to the presence of lysosomal enzymes. Physiology of Special senses, Abdelaziz Hussein

  35. THANKS

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