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History-II

History-II. A capsule version. Independence to Today. Haiti, 1791-1804 Social Revolution/Slave revolt Failed Independence, SpanAm : 1808-1826 One failed social revolution Mexico, 1811-1815 Led by two priests: Frs. Hidalgo and Morelos Both killed. Haiti, sparked by Fr. Rev

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History-II

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  1. History-II A capsule version

  2. Independence to Today • Haiti, 1791-1804 • Social Revolution/Slave revolt • Failed • Independence, SpanAm: 1808-1826 • One failed social revolution • Mexico, 1811-1815 • Led by two priests: Frs. Hidalgo and Morelos • Both killed

  3. Haiti, sparked by Fr. Rev • SpAm sparked by Napoleon’s invasion of Peninsula, 1808 • Eventual cause of Braz independence • Political Revolutions • Long and violent • But so was American Revo

  4. Outcomes very different • SpAm revs  mostly period of prolonged violent conflict and dictatorship • Caudillo rule • Caudillo: personalistic ruler; often charismatic; often from periphery; military

  5. Why not like USA? • Elite dissensus; no agreement on • Role of state; who should govern; role of Church • Liberals v. Conservatives + personalism • Led to • Insurrections • Leaders pay off followers with loot or land

  6. Not everywhere • Chile: establishes centralized rule early • Avoids worst of caudillismo • Costa Rica: ditto, but later falls into caudillismo and civil war, 1850-1870

  7. Brazil: Empire, 1822-1889 • Regional revolts • Coroneis (plural of coronel) • Slavery

  8. When it stops and why • Big countries, between 1849-1870 • Small ones, some not until mid-20th • Lingers in electoral form of “bossism • Booty runs short; more money in taxes; more people in cities, outside of caudillos influence • Impact: dramatically slows development • Sets path for hyperexecutivegovt

  9. The good old days: 1870-1914 • Export-led growth; raw materials to Europe or US • Depends on location • Civic oligarchy ~ protected democracies • What they did • With what effect • Toward democracy, e.g., Argentina

  10. Ends with WWI • Why? • What happens • Some recovery in 1920s; ends with 1929 • Only three countries do not see govt fall after 1930 • Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia

  11. 1930s: economic experimentation • 1940s: political experimentation • 1944-45: democratic wave • Democratic expansion + economic growth to 1959 • Cuban Revolution  new bout coups and dictators; growth continues

  12. Dictatorships continue to early 1980s • Economic slide starts in 1970s • Debt crisis of ’80s • Lost Decade of the ‘90s • Democracy starts back in 1979, continues through early ‘90s • Economy starts recuperating mid ‘00s • Chinese demand

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