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THE AGE OF JACKSON

THE AGE OF JACKSON. UNIT 3 NOTES. Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845 President: 1829 - 1837. Essential Question. OR. “King” Andrew?. Champion of the “Common Man”?. Jackson's Native-American Policy. Indian Removal. Jackson’s Goal? Expansion into the southwest for southern planters

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THE AGE OF JACKSON

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  1. THE AGE OF JACKSON UNIT 3 NOTES

  2. Andrew Jackson:1767 - 1845President:1829 - 1837

  3. Essential Question OR “King”Andrew? Champion of the “Common Man”?

  4. Jackson's Native-American Policy

  5. Indian Removal • Jackson’s Goal? • Expansion into the southwest for southern planters • 1830: Indian Removal Act • 5 Civilized Tribes: (forced removal) • Cherokee Creek Choctaw • Chickasaw Seminole • Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) • “domestic dependent nation” • Worcester v. GA (1832) • Cherokee law is sovereign and Georgia law does not apply in Cherokee nation. • Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

  6. TRAIL OF TEARS

  7. Trial of tears

  8. trail 1 TRAIL OF TEARS 1838 TO 1839 • We were eight days in making the journey (80 miles), and it was pitiful to behold the women & children who suffered exceedingly as they were all obliged to walk, with the exception of the sick.... • I had three regular ministers of the gospel in my party, and • we have preaching or prayer meeting every night while on the march, and you may well imagine that under the peculiar circumstances of the case, among those sublime mountains and in the deep forest with the thunder often roaring in the distance, that nothing could be more solemn and impressive. • And I always looked on with awe, lest their prayers which I felt... ascending to Heaven and calling for justice to Him who alone can & will grant it... [might] fall upon my guilty head as one of the instruments of oppression. • Lt. L.B. Webster

  9. Renewing the Charter of the 1st National Bank

  10. THE BANK WAR The Bank of the United States, although privately owned, received federal deposits and attempted to serve a public purpose by cushioning the ups and downs of the national economy

  11. The National Bank Debate PresidentJackson NicholasBiddle

  12. THE BANK WAR • Biddle v Jackson • Jackson believed BUS was too powerful because it was privately owned. • Considered it unconstitutional regardless of Marshall’s McCulloch vs. Maryland • Should be controlled more by government and the people because it was corrupt. • Nicholas Biddle, President of the BUS, Henry Clay and Daniel Webster supported the BUS

  13. THE BANK WAR Jackson believed that the Bank of the United States was unconstitutional • In 1832, an election year, Henry Clay decided to challenge Jackson on the bank issue by persuading a majority in Congress to pass a bank recharter bill • Jackson vetoed this bill The Cartoon from the 1832 presidential cartoon depicts Jackson as a cat with “Veto” written on his tail clearing Uncle Sam’s barn of bank and clay rats

  14. THE BANK WAR ENDS • Jackson did not bend to political pressure and vetoed the bank charter • He said, “The bank is trying to kill me, but I will kill it.” • His veto doomed the bank • He justified it as a protection of ordinary citizens and attacked the bank as a tool of greedy people • Jackson won the election in 1832 by a large margin anyway • He defeated Henry Clay (National Republican) • WHIGS • This defeat spelled the end for the National Republican Party • Two years later they would form with other Anti-Jackson groups to form the Whig Party • The Whigs saw themselves as defenders of liberty against a powerful executive

  15. King Andrew KING ANDREW • The Bank War inspired numerous cartoons. • Opponents referred to him as King Andrew because used the vetomore than any president to that time…..12 times • Destroyed the BUS in 1832 with the veto. Picture shows President Jackson holding a veto in his left hand and scepter in his right. US Constitution is torn up and Jackson is standing on it…

  16. THE BANK WAR • An overwhelming majority of voters approved of Jackson’s veto • Jackson won reelection with more than ¾ of the electoral vote The 1832 Election

  17. THE BANK WAR A triumphant Jackson holds his order to remove government deposits from the bank as the bank crumbles and a host of demonic characters scurry from its ruins.

  18. The “Monster” Is Destroyed! • 1832: Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States. • 1836: the charter expired. • 1841: the bank went bankrupt!

  19. The Specie Circular (1936) • “wildcat banks.” • buy future federalland only with gold orsilver.

  20. Results of the Specie Circular • Banknotes loose their value. • Land sales plummeted. • Credit not available. • Businesses began to fail. • Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837!

  21. Andrew Jackson in Retirement

  22. JACKSON'S LEGACY • Accomplishments • Enlarged the power of the presidency • “The President is the direct representative of the American people” • Only responsible to the people, not Congress • Converted the veto into an effective presidential power • The veto would help presidents shape legislation in Congress • Politicalparties seen as a positive good

  23. King Andrew KING ANDREW • Opponents referred to him as King Andrew because used the vetomore than any president to that time…..12 times • Used veto to benefit the Common Man. • Destroyed the BUS in 1836 • Used the veto for personal revenge against his enemies… • Henry Clay----Maysville Road • Opposed increasing federal spending and the national debt • Interpreted the powers of Congress narrowly • Kitchen cabinet Picture shows President Jackson holding a veto in his left hand and scepter in his right. US Constitution is torn up and Jackson is standing on it…

  24. JACKSON'S LEGACY JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY Grew out of the rich soil of Jeffersonian republicanism JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY Political world changed during the New Democracy. Two new political parties emerge • WHIGS • Strong national govt. • Favored the BUS, protective tariffs, internal improvements, industry, public schools and moral reforms such as prohibition of liquor and abolition of slavery. • Best and privileged run the govt. • DEMOCRATS • Believed in state’s rights and federal restrain in economic and social affairs. • Liberty of the individual and were fiercely on guard against the inroads of privilege into the government. Pro-slavery • Protected the common man….

  25. Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844(one year before his death) 1767 - 1845

  26. Jackson’s Top Ten 10. Andrew Jackson was the first President from a state west of the Appalachian Mountains. 9. Andrew Jackson was the first Tennessean to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives. 8. Andrew Jackson was the first territorial Governor of Florida. 7. Andrew Jackson was the first person to serve as a U.S. Representative, Senator, and President. 6. Andrew Jackson exercised his veto power 12 times as President, more than all of his predecessors combined.

  27. Jackson’s Top Ten 5. Andrew Jackson was the first President to articulate that as President he represented all the people and the will of the majority must govern. 4. Andrew Jackson helped found and was the first U.S. President to represent the Democratic Party. 3. Andrew Jackson is the only U.S. President to be censured by the U.S. Senate. The censure (official criticism) was cancelled in the last year of his presidency.

  28. Jackson’s Top Ten 2. The first assassination attempt on a sitting U.S. President occurred on January 30, 1835, when Robert Lawrence failed to slay Andrew Jackson. 1. Andrew Jackson was the only President in American History to pay off the national debt and leave office with the country in the black.

  29. The Presidency ofMartin Van Buren

  30. The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren

  31. The Presidency ofMartin Van Buren • In poor health, Jackson chose not to run for a third term in 1836 • His Vice President, Martin Van Buren, won • lacked Jackson’s popularity; no appeal to common people • He also endured through the Panic of 1837 in his first year as President • The depression dragged on into the 1840 election year • Blamed the Panic of 1837 on the Democrats • “Van Ruin’s” Depression

  32. Election of 1840 • “Log Cabin and Hard Cider” • William Henry Harrison (Whig) • “Tippecanoe and Tyler too” • “Van! Van! Is a Used-up Man! • The Whigs’ Triumph

  33. The Whigs’ Triumph (Second Party System)

  34. Harrison and Tyler • The Whigs chose military hero William Henry Harrison as their candidate • He easily defeats President Van Buren • However, after only a month in office Harrison dies from pneumonia on April 4, 1841 • Vice President, John Tyler, takes over as President • Tyler was a Virginian only chosen as VP to get Southern votes and bc of hatred of Jackson • He did not carry Whig beliefs and the party abandons him and he would struggle to get much done during his presidency

  35. Presidents of the united states • George Washington (1788) • John Adams (1796) • Thomas Jefferson (1800) • James Madison (1808) • James Monroe (1816) • John Quincy Adams (1824) • Andrew Jackson (1828) • Martin Van Buren (1836) • William Henry Harrison (1840) • John Tyler (1841)

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