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Music in the 14th Century: Ars Nova and Secular Innovations

Explore the developments in music during the 14th century, including the Ars Nova movement, works by Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut, and the emergence of the Ars Subtilior style.

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Music in the 14th Century: Ars Nova and Secular Innovations

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  1. Chapter 3 “Music in the 14th Century”

  2. The “Ars Nova” • Increasing rhythmic complexity after 1300- use of smallest values (minum and semiminum)- use of duple meters and divisions • Philippe de Vitry (1291-1361)- Ars nova (c. 1320) • Johannes de Muris (c. 1300-1350)- Ars novae musicae (c. 1320) • New style criticized by Pope John XXII, et al. • Ars Nova = post-1300 • Ars Antiqua = pre-1300, esp. Notre Dame

  3. Le Roman de Fauvel (c. 1316) • Gervais de Bus, author • Allegory on corruption- both secular and religious • Fauvel (horse/ass)- acronym for vices • Ascends to throne - lives in royal house-attended by humans • Fortuna (fate) allows marriage to Vainglory • Gives birth to more Fauvels (Anti-Christs!)

  4. Philippe de Vitry (1291-1361) • French courtier/musician • Multi-talented • Ars nova treatise (1320) • Le Roman de Fauvel • Use of Isorhythm(see next slide) • Many Motets (but…) • …uncertain authorship

  5. Isorhythm • 14th-c organizing principal for rhythm • Imposed on chant/non-rhythmicized melodies • Talea (“segment”/“cut”) = rhythm pattern • Color = pitches • Ex. Garrit gallus / In nova fert / [Neuma](Anthology I/18) • Talea & color in tenor

  6. Guillaume de Machaut(c. 1300-1377) • Most famous 14th-c musician • Poet-chronicler atFrench court • Sacred and secular music • Formes fixes (secular) • 1st 4vv polyphonic Mass • 6 MSS of own music Machaut meets “nature” andthree of her children

  7. Messe de Nostre Dame • Composed by Machaut, c. 1360 • First complete polyphonic setting of Mass ordinary by a single composer • 4vv (!) – rare through the 14th C • Contratenor – below the tenor (chant) • Use of Isorhythm to organize • Machaut, Messe de Notre Dame, "Kyrie" (Anthology I/19) • Orlando Consort talks about Machaut

  8. Machaut’s Secular Music • Love songs in troubadour/trouvere tradition • Use of formes fixes – standard textual patterns- Ballade- Virelai- Rondeau • Exs. Anthology I/20 & 22 • "Je puis trop bien ma dame comparer" • "Ma fin est mon commencement"

  9. Ars subtilior • “the more subtle art” • Late 14th century (c. 1375-1400+) • France, esp., south (Avignon Popes) • Secular songs (nothing sacred) • deliberately complex rhythms, etc. • Notational tricks (visual and other) • Use of colored inks • Canons (based on verbal puzzles, etc.)

  10. Jacob Senleches“La harpe de mélodie” Chicago, Newberry Library MS 54.1 “Chantilly Codex”

  11. Baude Cordier“Belle, Bonne, Sage” “Chantilly Codex”

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