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Prison Life

Prison Life. Chapter #14. Total Institutions. Places where people work, play, sleep & recreate together on a daily basis Examples:. Prisonization. New inmates: 1. accept prison lifestyle 2. learn new values 3. new argot Learn most in prison. Male Inmate’s World.

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Prison Life

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  1. Prison Life Chapter #14

  2. Total Institutions • Places where people work, play, sleep & recreate together on a daily basis • Examples:

  3. Prisonization • New inmates: • 1. accept prison lifestyle • 2. learn new values • 3. new argot • Learn most in prison

  4. Male Inmate’s World

  5. 1. don’t interfere or rat 2. do your own time 3. don’t while 4. don’t break your word 5. don’t trust guards / staff Ace duce – best friend Banger – knife Billy – white man Boneyard – conjugal visit Chester – pedophile Dog – friend Man walking – guard Tree jumper - rapist Subculture & Argot

  6. 1. prisoner v staff 2. general classes of prisoners 3. work gangs 4. racial groups 5. type of offenders (offenses) 6. inmate politicians 7. sexual abnormalities 8. recidivists 9. personality changes due to prisonization Nine Level Prison Structure

  7. Types of Prison Subcultures • 1. official • 2. traditional • 3. reform • 4. revolutionary

  8. Models of Prison Society Deprivation model Importation model

  9. “Pains of Imprisonment • 1. liberty • 2. goods / services • 3. heterosexual relationships • 4. autonomy • 5. personal security

  10. Mean Dude 1. quick to fight 2. dangerous Psychopaths Hedonist 1. seeks pleasure in drugs, sex etc 2. live for now only Opportunist 1. take advantage of education etc 2. like by staff 3. hated by inmates Retreatist 1. retreats into drugs 2. depressed / mental illness Inmate Types

  11. Legalist – jail house lawyer Radical – believes he is a political prisoner Religious 1. strong religious ties 2. re-born 3. all religions + witchcraft / satanism Colonist 1. at home in prison 2. holds power position in prison 3. often returns to prison Realist 1. natural consequence of criminal behavior 2. does not get in trouble 3. follows rules Inmate Types

  12. Prison “Welcome Wagon” Who will fight? Who will pay? Who will be a slave

  13. Homosexuality in Prison • Girl • Wolf • Punk • F__

  14. Wolf • 1. 20-30 years old • 2. aggressive • 3. physically fit • 4. street smart • 5. at home in prison • 6. low level education • 7. victim of poverty

  15. Punk • 1. young • 2. physically small • 3. weak • 4. white • 5. gay • 6. first-timer • 7. unassertive / passive • 8. long hair • 9. sexual offender

  16. Prison – Sexual Assaults Live in fear Constantly threatened Self-destructive

  17. Women’s Prisons 104,800 – state + federal inmates 7% of prison population 14 men to 1 woman Texas – most – 13,958

  18. Prison & African Americans 13% of population 50% of prison population 8 times more likely than w/f to be incarcerated

  19. 1. ___physically / sexually abused 2. ___ D/A issues 3. ___ mental issues 4. ___ primary caregivers 5. ___ custody at time of arrest 6. __ enter prison pregnant 7. ____ HIV + 8. ___ unemployed when arrested 9. ___ earn less than $600 monthly 10. ___ earn less than $6.50 per hour 11. h.s. grads: ___ state & ___ federal Female Offenders

  20. Gender Responsiveness Create prisons for women Create programs specifically for women Recognize their low risk to society

  21. Types of Female Inmates • Square • Cool • Life • Crack Kids • Stud Broad • Femme • Kinship System

  22. Sexual Preference in Prison • Preference before in prison • Hetro-sexual • Bi-sexual • Lesbian

  23. Task Force on Female Offenders • 1. more d/a programs • 2. greater literacy skills • 3. separate facilities for females • 4. allow women to keep children while in prison • 5. equal access to assistance programs

  24. Cambridge Springs Beds General Population Restricted Mental Health Community Therapy Temporary Leave Muncie Beds General Population Restricted Mental Health Community Therapy Temporary Leave PA Female Prisons

  25. ___ white _____ black _____ latino _____ female Male institutions Minimum _____ to 1 Medium _____ to 1 Maximum _____ to 1 Female institutions _____ to 1 Prison Staff

  26. Custody / Control Legal / physical control of inmate Insures order / safety / security Results in procedures

  27. Federal Standards BA 3 yrs experience: counseling / assistance / supervision Good health Pass tests Drug screen 200 initial hours of training 120 hours yearly Salaries Federal State Local Correctional Officers

  28. Demands 1. no retaliation 2. better medical care 3. more mail / visitation 4. Better commissary prices 5. eliminate “inappropriate supervision” What would be your negotiated response? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Prison Riots – Lucasville, OH - 1993

  29. STG – security threat group Inmate gang / group Members act together Pose a threat to staff / public / other inmates

  30. Causes 1. insensitive prison administration 2. carry-over of violent lifestyle 3. dehumanizing conditions 4. regulation of prison society 5. power vacuums Stages 1. explosion 2. organization 3. confrontation 4. termination 5. reaction / explanation Prison Riots

  31. Prisoner Rights Pre-1960: civil death Legal status of prisoners in some states 2. denied right to vote / hold office / etc

  32. Pell v Procunier - 1974 Balancing test Rights of individuals against State’s authority to make laws And restrict a person’s freedoms To protect society

  33. CRIPA – civil rights of institutionalized persons act - 1980 Requires prisoners to have Same constitutional rights as private citizens Includes prison conditions

  34. Prisoner Rights • Mail • 1. no deviant sexual behavior • 2. can be censored for security • 3. must be mailed directly from publisher • 4. allowed nude photos of significant other & sexually suggestive mail • 5. no inherent right to publish material for other prisoner’s use

  35. Prisoner Rights - Visitation Can be limited by prison administration

  36. 1. allowed by 1st & 14th Amendments 2. “reasonable opportunity to worship” 3. one faith can’t dominate 4. segregated prisoners can be denied religious services Items of worship: 1. must be allowed tools for witchcraft 2. drugs / dangerous artifacts – banned 3. beards can be banned 4. religious foods must be allowed Prisoner Rights – religious freedom

  37. RLUIPA – religious land use and institutionalized persons act - 2000 Government can’t place a burden on religious practices unless Furthering of compelling governmental interest 2. least restrictive means of furthering that compelling interest

  38. Bounders v Smith 1. state must assist prisoners in preparation of legal papers 2. trained personnel / law libraries Lewis v Casey Can only attack sentence Johnson v Avery 1. can consult “jail house lawyers” 2. can consult regular attorneys 3. can consult legal aid groups Indigent inmates 1. don’t have right to free lawyer unless charges filed against them Legal Assistance for Inmates

  39. Prisoner Medical Care • Johnson v Avery • 1. can’t disregard well-being of inmates • 2. must have actual knowledge harm is occurring • 3. disregards risk to inmates • Washington v Harper • 1. prisoners can refuse medication unless • 2. state shows “overriding justification”

  40. Prisoner Medical Care PA Dept of Corrections ADA applies to prisons Title II – prisons – public entity

  41. 8th Amendment rights guaranteed 1. food / water / shelter 2. protection from attack 3. protection from sexual attack 4. protection against suicide Farmer v Brennan ’94 Must take reasonable measures to protect Helling v McKinney ’93 Monitor environment for health issues Protection from Harm

  42. Privacy NO EXPECTATION OF PRIVACY IN PRISON

  43. Grivance Procedure Formalized arrangement Neutral party Inmate complaints Heard & resolved

  44. Sanctions – punishment State created liberty interests Protected liberties Hearing procedure 1. written notice of charges 2. organize defense 3. impartial hearing 4. present witnesses & evidence 5. written decision Disciplinary Actions

  45. USSC • Not 8th / 14th Amendment violations • 1. overcrowding • 2. excessive noise • 3. insufficient storage • 4. inadequate HVAC • 5. Unclean rest rooms • 6. Unsanitary kitchens

  46. Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) 1996 Nine step process

  47. Aids • Cases 2004 _____ • State prisons • Females: • Males: • U.S. rate: • Prison rate: • Screen & separate

  48. Mentally Ill Inmates • 2000 study • 24 hr care: • Therapy counseling: • Community services: • Most states mainstream mentally ill inmates

  49. Terrorism & Prisons • 9600 Muslims in federal prison system • Wahhabism – most radical for of Islam – spread in prison by approved clerics • Prison Islam – adapts itself to prison values and used by gangs & radicals to further agenda

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