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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Developing Your First Speech. Why prepare? . Preparation helps speakers avoid three challenges: Leaving too little time for planning and practicing Focusing on requirements rather than quality Failing to follow the assignment.

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 Developing Your First Speech

  2. Why prepare? • Preparation helps speakers avoid three challenges: • Leaving too little time for planning and practicing • Focusing on requirements rather than quality • Failing to follow the assignment

  3. The classical approach to speech preparation: Cicero’s Canons • Cicero (106-43 B.C.E.), a Roman lawyer and politician, developed five keys to speech preparation in his treatise De inventione : • Invention • Arrangement • Style • Memory • Delivery

  4. Preparing and delivering your first speech: Analyze your audience • Learn about your audience's interests and backgrounds. • Use knowledge of the audience to anticipate their attitudes.

  5. Preparing and delivering your first speech: Select your topic • Choose one that interests you. • Avoid overused topics. • Narrow topic to fit the time limit of your presentation.

  6. Preparing your First Speech • Generate potential topics based on your interests. • In class exercise

  7. Developing potential topics: Mind mapping • Writing down an initial word or phrase and then surrounding it with additional words, pictures, and symbols

  8. Preparing and delivering your first speech: Create a thesis statement • A single sentence that sums up your main message or bottom line.

  9. Preparing and delivering your first speech: Organize and outline the body of your speech • Generate the three main parts: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. • Create 2-5 main points in the body. • Develop subpoints for each main point following the rules of subordination.

  10. Preparing and delivering your first speech: Outline your introduction and conclusion • Your introduction has five parts: • The attention-getter is a brief story, quote, or fact that grabs listeners’ attention. • Your thesis statement conveys the main message. • Show an audience “what's in it for them”. • Establish credibility by outlining relevant expertise you have. • Preview your main points.

  11. Preparing and delivering your first speech: Outline your introduction and conclusion • The conclusion has two parts: • Summary of the main points. • Clincher: a vivid closing sentence or paragraph.

  12. Preparing and delivering your first speech: Incorporate transitions • Sentences that tell the audience that you are moving from one point to another: • Use from the introduction to the first main point. • Use between main points. • Use from the final main point to the conclusion.

  13. Overcoming speech anxiety • Stage fright is common and some of it is okay. • “You may not be able to get rid of the butterflies, but you can at least get them flying in formation.”

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