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German Art 1900-1945

German Art 1900-1945. Erich Heckel, Fr änzi reclining, 1910 Max Beckmann, Skaters, 1922. Art before photography. traditionally, representational (mimetic) art was the norm invention of photography (1830, Daguerre) revolutionised art

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German Art 1900-1945

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  1. German Art 1900-1945 Erich Heckel, Fränzi reclining, 1910 Max Beckmann, Skaters, 1922

  2. Art before photography • traditionally, representational (mimetic) art was the norm • invention of photography (1830, Daguerre) revolutionised art • between 1830 and 1860, photography (non-manipulative) used mainly for reportage • development of manipulative techniques led to photography as art form in its own right • mimesis was no longer a challenging goal for artists • trend towards abstract art

  3. The Twentieth Century • revolution in art • broke free of restrictions of traditional painting • attempted to represent subconscious, emotions on canvas • experimentation with techniques • development of abstract (non-objective) art • use of form, line and colour independent of subject-matter • succession of unstable groupings and short-lived movements

  4. The birth of modern painting • Impressionism (1860s – ca. 1900) • soft colours, interest in subtle effects of light on objects • reaction to ‘academic’ formalism of Salon of Paris Académie • Edouard Manet’s Olimpia and Déjeuner sur l’herbe (1863) exhibited in 1874 Salon des Réfusés.

  5. The birth of modern painting • Impressionism (1860s – ca. 1900) • soft colours, interest in subtle effects of light on objects • reaction to ‘academic’ formalism of Salon of Paris Académie • Edouard Manet’s Olimpia and Déjeuner sur l’herbe (1863) exhibited in 1874 Salon des Réfusés.

  6. Post-Impressionism (1890-1900) • Cézanne, Gauguin, Seurat, van Gogh • freely expressive use of colour and form • emphasis on capturing structural qualities of subject-matter: precursor of cubism • Vincent van Gogh, Sunflowers

  7. Art Nouveau(Jugendstil) (ca. 1900) • European movement in decorative arts • characterised by curved, sinuous shapes, stylised representations of natural objects • England • Arts and Crafts Movement (William Morris) • Liberty • furniture, wallpaper, fabrics • book illustration (Aubrey Beardsley) • Scotland • Charles Rennie Mackintosh • furniture, architecture and interior design • France • René Lalique • glassware • Austria • Gustav Klimt (1862-1918), founder of Viennese Secession Movement (Sezessionstil) • America • Louis Comfort Tiffany • glassware

  8. Expressionism (1905-1920) • used distortions of line and colour to record subjective feelings rather than outer reality • rejected academic tradition, realism and impressionism • drew on German medieval and Renaissance art, Art Nouveau, French post-impressionists (Gauguin, van Gogh) • inspired by Norwegian expressionist painter Edvard Munch • The Scream • Puberty, 1895

  9. Expressionism: two phases • Die Brücke (1905-1913), Dresden, later Berlin • Ernst Ludwig Kirchner • Erich Heckel • Karl Schmidt-Rottluff • Emil Nolde • Der blaue Reiter (1911-1913), Munich • Wassily Kandinsky (Russian) • Alexey von Jawlensky (Russian) • Franz Marc (German) • August Macke (German) • Paul Klee (Swiss)

  10. Egon Schiele (1890-1918), Austrian Expressionist

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