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Exploring Collective Behavior: History, Theories, and Social Movements

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  1. COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR • Any event during which a group of people engages in unusual behavior • Unusual : it is not expected, not what people normally do in that setting, and not what those people normally do • It goes against the standard of conduct or social expectation of a given group or society

  2. THE HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR • Charles Mackay (1841), Extraordinary Popular Delusions & the Madness of Crowd • Gustave le Bon (1895), The Crowd : The Study of The Popular Mind – Contagion Theory • Robert Park (1904)—dissertation about mob behavior • Park & Ernest Burgess(1921): term collective behavior first used. Social unrest,crowds, publics,sects, social contagion,mass movement,the crowd mind, propaganda & fashion as forms of collective behavior

  3. THE HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR • Floyd Alport (1924), Social Psychology---Convergence Theory • Herbert Blumer (1939), acting crowd • Neil Miller & John Dollard (1941), Social Learning & Imitation---Learning Theory • Ralph Turner & Lewis Killian (1957): Collective Behavior --- Emergent Norm Theory • Neil Smelser (1962), Theory of Collective Behavior --- Value-added Theory

  4. THE HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR • Clarck McPhail (1970)---The Symbolic Interaction / Sociocybernetic Perspective • Michael Hogg & Dominic Abrams: Social Identifications:A Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations and Group Processes in 1988---Social Identity Theory

  5. GENERAL CATEGORIES OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR • Violent/Destructive Collective Behavior • Mass Suicides • Mob Violence • Riots • Consumers & Collective Behavior • Crazes & Panics • Fads • Hysterias • Rumors • Physical Hysterias • Millenarian Groups • Sighting & Miracles • Social Movement

  6. SOCIAL MOVEMENTS • ORGANIZED • DELIBERATE • ENDURING

  7. TYPES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS • ALTERNATIVE SOCIAL MOVEMENT • REDEMPTIVE SOCIAL MOVEMENT • REFORMATIVE SOCIAL MOVEMENT • REVOLUTIONARY SOCIAL MOVEMENT

  8. SOCIAL MOVEMENTS THEORIES • MASS SOCIETY THEORY • RELATIVE DEPRIVATION THEORY • RESOURCE MOBILIZATION THEORY • POLITICAL PROCESS THEORY

  9. PENYEBAB KONFLIK • DIABOLICAL ENEMY IMAGE • VIPILE SELF IMAGE • MORAL SELF IMAGE • SELECTIVE INATENTION • ABSENCE OF EMPHATY • MILITARRY OVER CONFIDENCE

  10. Resolving The Conflict • Regulation • Small is Beautiful • Communication • Changing the Payoffs • Appeals to Altruistic Norms

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