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HAZMAT OPS REFRESHER

HAZMAT OPS REFRESHER. Haz Mat Incidents. Involve a substance that: Poses an unreasonable risk to: People Environment Property Has been or may be released from a container May be on fire Will be more complex than a “routine” incident. Awareness-Level Training Requirements.

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HAZMAT OPS REFRESHER

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  1. HAZMAT OPS REFRESHER

  2. Haz Mat Incidents • Involve a substance that: • Poses an unreasonable risk to: • People • Environment • Property • Has been or may be released from a container • May be on fire • Will be more complex than a “routine” incident Awareness Level

  3. Awareness-Level Training Requirements • Governmental agencies • OSHA and EPA • U.S. Department of Justice, Office for Domestic Preparedness (ODP) • Requirements of authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) (1 of 2) Awareness Level

  4. Awareness-Level Training Requirements • NFPA Standards • NFPA 472, Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents • NFPA 471, Recommended Practice for Responding to Hazardous Materials Incidents • NFPA 473, Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel Responding to Hazardous Materials Incidents (2 of 2) Awareness Level

  5. Awareness-Level Responsibilities • Recognizing the presence or potential presence of a hazardous material • Recognizing container type and identifying material • Transmitting information to appropriate authority and calling for assistance • Identifying actions to protect self and others • Establishing scene control Awareness Level

  6. Operational-Level Rescue Actions • Conducting searches during reconnaissance or defensive activities • Conducting searches on the edge of the hot zone • Directing victims to the decontamination area • Assisting with decontamination while not coming into contact with the hazardous material itself • Assisting with the identification of victims • Giving instructions to a large number of people for mass decontamination Operational Level

  7. Approaching the Scene Safely • Identify and evaluate problem locations and hazardous occupancies during emergency response planning. • Include remote observation/assessment steps in the emergency plan. • Always approach the scene from uphill, upwind, and upstream if at all possible. (1 of 2) Operational Level

  8. Approaching the Scene Safely • Use binoculars, a spotting scope, a camera lens, or a sight scope for observation. • Report any unusual conditions to the telecommunications/dispatch center. • Use the assessment location as a temporary staging area if reconnaissance teams must approach on foot. (2 of 2) Operational Level

  9. Incident Priorities • Life safety • Incident stabilization • Protection of property and the environment Operational Level

  10. Assessments to MakeBefore Taking Action • Risk to rescuers • Ability of rescuers to protect themselves • Probability of rescue • Difficulty of rescue • Capabilities and resources of on-scene forces • Possibilities of explosions or sudden material releases • Available escape routes and safe havens • Constraints of time and distance Operational Level

  11. Confinement • Controlling the product that has already been released from its container • Function — Minimizes the amount of contact the product makes with people, property, and the environment • Tactics • Absorption • Adsorption • Blanketing/covering • Dam, dike, diversion, and retention • Vapor suppression (1 of 2) Operational Level

  12. Confinement (2 of 2) Operational Level

  13. Absorption • A physical and/or chemical event occurring during contact between materials that have an attraction for each other • One material is retained in the other • Procedure — The absorbent is spread directly onto the hazardous material or in a location where the material is expected to flow • Refer to Skill Sheet 4–1. Note: After use, absorbents must be treated and disposed of as hazardous materials because they retain the properties of the materials they absorb Operational Level

  14. Adsorption and Blanketing/Covering • Adsorption — The molecules of the hazardous material physically adhere to the material • Blanketing/covering — Covering the surface of the spill to prevent dispersion of materials Operational Level

  15. Damming, Diking,Diversion, and Retention • A way to control the flow of liquid hazardous materials away from the point of discharge • Can be made by using earthen materials or materials carried on response vehicles • Procedure — Construct curbs that direct or divert the flow away from gutters, drains, storm sewers, flood-control channels, and outfalls • Refer to Skill Sheets 4–2 through 4–5. Note: Any construction materials that contact the spilled material must be properly disposed of. Operational Level

  16. Vapor Suppression • The action taken to reduce the emission of vapors at a haz mat spill • Spills of flammable and combustible liquids may require fire-fighting foams. • Refer to Skill Sheet 4–6. Operational Level

  17. Using Foams • Application methods • All fire-fighting foams (except fluoroprotein types) should not be plunged directly into the spill, but applied onto the ground at the edge of the spill and rolled gently onto the material. • Rainfall method — Spraying foam into the air over the target area in a fog pattern • Considerations • Water destroys and washes away foam blankets; do not use water streams in conjunction with the application of foam. • A material must be below its boiling point; foam cannot seal vapors of boiling liquids. Operational Level

  18. Other Spill-Control Tactics • Ventilation — Controlling the movement of air by natural or mechanical means • Vapor dispersion • The action taken to direct or influence the course of airborne hazardous materials • Procedure: Using pressurized streams of water from handlines or unmanned master streams; streams create turbulence, which increases the rate of mixing with air and reduces the concentration of the hazardous material • Refer to Skill Sheet 4–7. (1 of 4) Operational Level

  19. Other Spill-Control Tactics • Dispersion — The breaking up or dispersing of a hazardous material that has spilled on a solid or liquid surface • Dilution • The application of water to a water-soluble material to reduce the hazard • Is not typically used for spill control, but during decontamination operations • May be used when very small amounts of corrosive materials are involved • Refer to Skill Sheet 4–8. (3 of 4) Operational Level

  20. Other Spill-Control Tactics • Dissolution — The process of dissolving a gas in water • Neutralization — The process of raising or lowering the pH of corrosive materials to render them netural (4 of 4) Operational Level

  21. Products Most OftenInvolved in Haz Mat Incidents • Flammable/combustible liquids • Corrosives • Anhydrous ammonia • Chlorine Awareness Level

  22. Hazardous Materials States (2 of 2) Awareness Level

  23. Open flames Static electricity Existing pilot lights Electrical sources Internal combustion engines Heated surfaces Cutting and welding operations Potential Ignition Sources at Haz Mat Scenes (1 of 2) Awareness Level

  24. Radiant heat Heat caused by friction or chemical reactions Cigarettes Cameras Road flares Potential Ignition Sources at Haz Mat Scenes (2 of 2) Awareness Level

  25. Potential Ignition Sources in Explosive Atmospheres • Opening or closing a switch or electrical circuit • Turning on a flashlight • Operating a radio • Activating a cell phone Awareness Level

  26. Routes of Entry • Inhalation — Breathing through the nose or mouth • Ingestion — Through the mouth by means other than simple inhalation • Injection — Through a puncture or break in the skin (1 of 3) Awareness Level

  27. Routes of Entry • Absorption — Through the skin or eyes • Penetration — Radioactive particles and energy waves (2 of 3) Awareness Level

  28. Routes of Entry Chemicals often have multiple routes of entry. (3 of 3) Awareness Level

  29. UN/DOT Hazard Classes • Class 1: Explosives • Class 2: Gases • Class 3: Flammable and combustible liquids • Class 4: Flammable solids, spontaneously combustible materials, and dangerous-when-wet materials • Class 5: Oxidizers and organic peroxides (1 of 2) Awareness Level

  30. UN/DOT Hazard Classes • Class 6: Poison (toxic) and poison inhalation hazard • Class 7: Radioactive materials • Class 8: Corrosive materials • Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous goods (2 of 2) Awareness Level

  31. UN Commodity Identification Numbers • A four-digit number assigned to each hazardous material listed in the current ERG • Often displayed on placards, labels, orange panels, and/or white diamonds • May be preceded by the letters NA or UN • Also appears on shipping papers • Assists first responders in identifying the material and referencing it in the ERG (1 of 4) Awareness Level

  32. UN Commodity Identification Numbers • Display methods for UN commodity identification numbers • In a white rectangle inside a placard between the placard symbol and hazard class • In an orange rectangle beneath the placard • On a plain white square-on-point display configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard (2 of 4) Awareness Level

  33. UN Commodity Identification Numbers (3 of 4) Awareness Level

  34. UN Commodity Identification Numbers • Must be displayed on the following containers/packages: • Rail tank cars • Cargo tank trucks • Portable tanks • Bulk packages • Vehicle containers containing large quantities of hazardous materials • Certain nonbulk packages (4 of 4) Awareness Level

  35. Parts of a DOT Placard Hazard Symbol Background Color Diamond shaped 4-Digit ID Number or Hazard Class Designation Hazard Class Number Awareness Level

  36. Containers on Which DOT Placards May Be Found • Bulk packages • Rail tank cars • Cargo tank vehicles • Portable tanks • Unit load devices over 640 cubic feet (18 m3) in capacity containing hazardous materials • Certain nonbulk containers Awareness Level

  37. DOT Placard Color Codes Explosive Oxidizer Flammable Health Hazard Water Reacative Nonflammable Gas Awareness Level

  38. DOT Symbols Explosive Oxidizer Radioactive Flammable Poison Corrosive Nonflammable Gas Awareness Level

  39. NFPA 704 Flammability Health Instability (1 of 8) Awareness Level

  40. NFPA 704 • Provides a method for indicating the presence of hazardous materials at: • Commercial facilities • Manufacturing facilities • Institutional facilities • Other fixed-storage facilities (2 of 8) Awareness Level

  41. NFPA 704 • Not designed for the following situations: • Transportation • General public use • Nonemergency occupational exposures • Explosive and blasting agents • Chronic health hazards • Etiologic agents, and other similar hazards (3 of 8) Awareness Level

  42. NFPA 704 • Benefits of NFPA 704 • Provides an appropriate signal to first responders that hazardous materials are present • Identifies the general hazards and degree of severity for health, flammability, and instability • Provides immediate information necessary to protect lives of the public and emergency response personnel (4 of 8) Awareness Level

  43. NFPA 704 • Health — Blue • 4 — Severe hazard • 3 — Serious hazard • 2 — Moderate hazard • 1 — Slight hazard • 0 — Minimal hazard (5 of 8) Awareness Level

  44. NFPA 704 • Flammability — Red • 4 — Flammable gases, volatile liquids, pyrophoric materials • 3 — Ignites at ambient temperatures • 2 — Ignites when moderately heated • 1 — Must be preheated to burn • 0 — Will not burn (6 of 8) Awareness Level

  45. NFPA 704 • Instability — Yellow • 4 — Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at ambient conditions • 3 — Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition with strong initiating source • 2 — Violent chemical change possible at elevated temperature and pressure • 1 — Normally stable, but becomes unstable if heated • 0 — Normally stable (7 of 8) Awareness Level

  46. NFPA 704 • Special hazards • Located at 6 o’clock • Have no special background although white is most often used • May contain one of two special symbols • W — Unusual reactivity with water • OX — Oxidizer (8 of 8) Awareness Level

  47. Shipping Paper Identification • Air transport • Shipping paper name — Air bill • Location of shipping paper — Cockpit • Responsible party — Pilot • Highway transport • Shipping paper name — Bill of lading • Location of shipping paper — Vehicle cab • Responsible party — Driver (1 of 2) Awareness Level

  48. Shipping Paper Identification • Rail transport • Shipping paper name — Waybill/consist • Location of shipping paper — Engine or caboose • Responsible party — Conductor • Water transport • Shipping paper name — Dangerous cargo manifest • Location of shipping paper — Bridge or pilothouse • Responsible party — Captain or master (2 of 2) Awareness Level

  49. U.S. MSDS Information • Top — Chemical Identity • Section I — Manufacturer’s ID and Information • Section II — Hazardous Ingredients • Section III — Physical and Chemical Characteristics • Section IV — Fire and Explosion Hazard Data • Section V — Reactivity (Instability) Data (1 of 2) Awareness Level

  50. U.S. MSDS Information • Section VI — Health Hazard Data • Section VII — Precautions for Safe Handling and Use • Section VIII — Control Measures (2 of 2) Awareness Level

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