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Dreaming

Dreaming. Research into the nature of dreaming Brain activity Duration Content . psychlotron.org.uk. Dreams vs. Reality. Empson (1983) ‘Spectator’ perspective (usually) Logic of waking consciousness does not apply Quickly forgotten Hobson (1995) Hallucinations Cognitive abnormalities

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Dreaming

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  1. Dreaming • Research into the nature of dreaming • Brain activity • Duration • Content psychlotron.org.uk

  2. Dreams vs. Reality • Empson (1983) • ‘Spectator’ perspective (usually) • Logic of waking consciousness does not apply • Quickly forgotten • Hobson (1995) • Hallucinations • Cognitive abnormalities • Emotional intensity psychlotron.org.uk

  3. Dreaming & REM Sleep • REM sleep entered 4-5 times every night • REM periods lengthen towards waking • REM is characterised by: • Rapid, darting eye movements • Changes in heart rate, respiration • Muscular paralysis • Alterations in brain activity psychlotron.org.uk

  4. Dreaming & REM Sleep • Deep sleep (SWS) • Large, slow waves • Synchronised • REM sleep • Rapid • Desynchronised • Like waking EEG psychlotron.org.uk

  5. Dreaming & REM Sleep • Dement & Kleitman (1957) • PPs woken in either REM or NREM sleep • REM: reported dreaming 80% of time • NREM reported dreaming 15% of time • REM clearly associated with dreams • But may occur at other times (sleepwalking) psychlotron.org.uk

  6. REM Sleep & the Brain • PGO waves • Activation of occipital cortex (vision) • Spreading to thalamus, sensory & motor cortex (hearing, touch, vision) psychlotron.org.uk

  7. Dream Duration • Dement & Kleitman (1957) • Relationship between REM duration and: • (1) estimates of dream length • (2) length of dream descriptions psychlotron.org.uk

  8. Dream Content • Kahn et al (2000) – people in dreams • 50% known to sleeper • 30% generic roles e.g. police officer • Hardly any completely unknown • Cartwright et al (1984) • Relationship between life events (e.g. divorce) and dream content psychlotron.org.uk

  9. Dream Content • Dement & Kleitman (1957) • NREM dreams more mundane & more similar to waking thoughts than REM dreams • Antrobus (1983) • REM dreams more likely to (1) have a story-like narrative; (2) include bizarre events psychlotron.org.uk

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