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Flexible Resource Management in CMP Systems: Mechanisms, Policies, and Solutions

This document explores the critical aspects of resource management in Chip Multiprocessor (CMP) systems, emphasizing the separation of objectives, policies, and mechanisms. It discusses the limitations of conventional systems that rely on shared resources managed by operating system (OS) policies and the need for customized hardware mechanisms. The paper highlights the importance of cooperation between hardware designers and OS developers to create effective resource management strategies that optimize performance and resource allocation while addressing both technical and non-technical challenges.

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Flexible Resource Management in CMP Systems: Mechanisms, Policies, and Solutions

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  1. CMP Resource Management: Primitives, Not Solutions J. E. Smith June 2007

  2. Objectives Separate Objectives, Policies, Mechanisms • Leads to flexible, well-structured solutions Hardware provides mechanisms; OS provides policies Policies Software Hardware Mechanisms Capacity Bandwidth Capacity Bandwidth Resource Resource Resource Resource WIOSCA (c) 2007, J. E. Smith

  3. What is the Problem? • Conventional Systems • Shared resources are processor(s) and real memory • OS policies manage resource*time • OS policies time-slice processor(s) and manage real memory • Mechanisms provided by ISA • Privileged mode, timer, page table, “touched” bits • In CMPs • Many shared resources • – caches, memory ports • – both bandwidths and capacities • SMT even more sharing • No ISA mechanisms for direct control Provide OS with suitable mechanisms for CMP resource management WIOSCA (c) 2007, J. E. Smith

  4. Path of Least Resistance • Hardware designers assume ISA is inflexible • No OS-visible mechanisms for managing CMP resources • Build mechanisms and policies into hardware • Example: ICOUNT in SMTs • Satisfy non-conventional objectives • Maximize aggregate IPC performance • Concurrent threads experience equal slow-down with respect to running in isolation • Optimize harmonic mean performance among concurrent threads Why trouble ourselves real architecture work? WIOSCA (c) 2007, J. E. Smith

  5. A Better Path • OS and HW designers cooperate to define new mechanisms and ISA features • Mechanisms in hardware • Policies in software • As much as possible… • Otherwise general, parameterized policies in HW • Develop general interface • Example: page tables in current systems • This will be a challenge • Both technical and non-technical issues WIOSCA (c) 2007, J. E. Smith

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