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Understanding Intravenous Iodinated Contrast: Usage, Types, and Patient Considerations

This chapter delves into the significance of intravenous iodinated contrast in medical imaging. It covers the two main types—ionic and non-ionic—highlighting their structures, dissociation properties, and the importance of solubility. The chapter emphasizes the necessity of thorough patient history, including allergies and previous reactions to ensure safety during administration. Additionally, it discusses potential reactions, their classifications, and vital monitoring protocols before and after injection, ensuring a comprehensive understanding for healthcare professionals.

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Understanding Intravenous Iodinated Contrast: Usage, Types, and Patient Considerations

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  1. Chapter 14 Intravenous Iodinated Contrast

  2. Why use IV Contrast • ____________ System • ___________ System • _______

  3. Terms to know • ____________ • To separate into ions; to dissociate atoms or molecules into electrically charged atoms • ____________ – The capability of being dissolved

  4. More Terms • ____________ – Movement of a solvent across a semipermiable membrane from a lower region to a higher region • ___________ – The number of dissolved ions in a solution. The concentration of a solution. • ___________ Pressure • The force that a dissolved substance exerts on a semipermeable membrane.

  5. More Terms • ____________ –No change in cell volume. • ______________ – Increase in osmotic pressure. • ______________ • Decrease in osmotic pressure • ______________ • The ability of a fluid to flow easily

  6. Iodinated Contrast • ______________ • 2 types • Ionic and Non-ionic

  7. Ionic ContrastBasic Structure • 6 sided ring: • 3 ________ atoms • __________ element • __________ • Negative charged • Stabilize and detoxify • ___________ • Positive charge • Salt, increase solubility

  8. Ionic Contrast • Breaks apart into _____________ • Anion • Cation • __________– Ratio • _________particles • _________particles

  9. Ionic Continued • Increase ______________ • Increase ____________Pressure • Hypertonic • ___________ chance of a reaction

  10. Non-Ionic • Same basic structure • Replaces ____________with ____________elements.

  11. Non-Ionic Contrast • _____________break apart. • Decreased ____________ • __________ chance of a reaction • __________ – Ratio

  12. Prior to injecting • GET AN _________________________!!! • Thorough history needs to be obtained • Any allergies • ____________ sensitivity • Sickle Cell • Kidney problems (Stones don’t count) • ______________, hay fever • Prior reaction with X-ray contrast • Diabetic • On ___________

  13. Prior to Injecting Con’t • BUN and Creatinine levels: • Creatinine - ______________ • BUN – _______________

  14. If there are contraindications • Notify ____________ • May still be possible with prep.

  15. Drawing up the contrast • Review your ‘6’ rights • ________ • Drug • __________ • Route • ___________ • Documentation

  16. Common feelings • During injection • ____________feeling (due to osmotic events) • ____________ taste • Nausea • Watch for _____________

  17. Reactions • Generally happen within first __________. • Stay with the patient at a minimum ______________ • ________ with the patient and watch for any signs.

  18. Reaction Categories • Mild - ___________ Effect • Moderate - ___________ Reaction • Severe - ___________Reaction • Organ Specific

  19. Vasomotor EffectMild • Technologist _________ • Anxiety • Nausea / Vomiting • Mild, scattered Hives (uticaria) • Lightheaded • _____________ • Extravasation • Symptoms pass ___________

  20. AnaphylacticMild or Moderate • Technologist ____________ • Excessive urticaria (hives) • ___________ • Laryngospasm • Bronchospasm • _____________ • Hypotension • Excessive ___________

  21. Vasovagal Severe • Technologist ______________!!!!!!!! • Hypotension • ______________ • Cardiac or respiratory arrest • Loss of consciousness • _________________ • Laryngeal edema • ________________ • Difficulty Breathing • Shock

  22. Organ-SpecificSevere • Cardiac – ___________ • Respiratory - Pulmonary Edema • Vascular - Thrombosis • Nervous - _____________ • Renal - Complete or Temporary failure • ____________show immediate symptoms

  23. Prepare for a reaction • Make sure informed consent is signed • Approx_________________die • Current practice uses __________ only decreasing the chance • Know reaction protocol in department

  24. Preperation • Know where the _________is and have it accessible. • _____________leave the patient alone • If need be _________________

  25. Post injection • Monitor pt for ______________ • Continue with exam • Normal kidney will excrete __________ of contrast within __________

  26. What else to watch for • Kidneys will show once _________ is filtered through • A ______________contrast progression

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