Enhancing Exercise Experience With Wireless Sensor Networks in Fitness

1. WSN in enhancing exercise experience in personal fitness Goran Rakočević g.rakocevic@gmail.comAleksandar Crnjin acrnjin@gmail.com

2. Agenda • Introduction to WSN in fitness and sports • Body Area Network • Bluetooth PAN profile • Bluetooth Body Area Network formation • Exercise Environment sensor network • Central server • Case study :Smart Running Track

3. WSN technology in fitness and sports • Create an smart exercise environment that: • tracks users movement • monitors and stores his vital parameters • gives users feedback in order to make the exercisemore efficient/safe and to motivate him • Three major subsystems: • Body area network • Exercise Environment sensor network • Central server

4. Sensor Body Area Network • A network of sensor devices monitoring user's vital parameters • ecg, SpO2, pulse, blood pressure, pedometer... • Deployed on the user's body • Bluetooth technology is ideal for this application! • BAN also incorporates means to deliver information to the user (mobile phone, PDA, etc.)

5. Bluetooth PAN Profile • Allows a Bluetooth device to join a piconetand access LAN resources or a WAN networkvia a Bluetooth Network Access Point (NAP) • Supports IPv4 and IPv6 • NAP acts as the master • Up to 7 PAN Users (PANUs) can join the piconet • However, Bluetooth PAN does not specify a network formation procedure!

6. PAN network formation • We're only interested in AdHoc network formation! • The SAPFIO network formation procedure(Jovnik, Van Thanh, “Ad-hoc Formation ofBluetooth Piconet for data communication”, 2002) • All devices start symmetric inquiry procedure of all BT devices within range • When every device detects all other devices within range,they will inform their neighbors about detected devices • All devices can now form tables of all devices and their possible connections in the the future piconet • All nodes with outside connection and highest numberof connections are considered candidates for the Master • If more than one device are candidates,the one with highest address is selected

7. PAN network formation (2)‏ • Main parameter in SAPFIO is number of detected nodes • In a Body Area Network it can be assumedthat all nodes have connectivity to all other nodes • =>number of detected nodes is uselessas a parameter for choice of master node • A new ad-hoc network formation procedurethat takes into account specifics of a BAN is needed

8. BAN network formation protocol • Every node is in range of every other node • More than one node can serve as the NAP • Ability of a node to serve as a NAP changes over time • Nodes rarely leave and join the network Procedure: • All nodes that can serve as NAPs go into symmetric discovery mode • Once all possible NAPs know about all of the other,a NAP is chosen among them (by type and BADDR value)‏ • NAP goes into discoverable mode and starts operating • All other nodes connect to the NAP (followed by a role switch)

9. BAN network formation protocol (2)‏ • If NAP loses outside connectivity (or battery gets low)a new NAP must be chosen • Current NAP notifies all other nodes to go to short-term no-connection mode (e.g. locally buffering the data) • Current NAP choses the next NAP and requests a connection status update (to check whether it has an outside connection)‏ • If the response is positivethe NAP checks it's own connection again(to avoid network reconfiguration on short outside connection loses),otherwise next NAP candidate is contacted • If still no connection, all nodes are informed of the new NAP • Old NAP closes all connection, new network is formed around the new NAP

10. Exercise enviorment sensor network • A network of sensors deployed in the exercise environment • Monitors the environmental parameters of the surroundings • In some systems also relays the information from the users' BANs to the central server • Zigbee technology is best suited for this subsystem

11. Central server • Gathers the data from all of the sensors • Processes these data (according to the specific application)‏ • Stores the data for later review or further processing • Sends the required data back to the user • Allows for the control of the whole system

12. Case study: Smart Running Track • An implementation of a WSN system in fitness and sports • Objective:to make running: • more observable by trainers and physicians • more interesting to amateur runners • more competitive: • rank not only by their present position, • but also by, for example,number of spent calories,obstacles jumped

13. System architecture

14. Smart Running Track BAN • Base on Shimmer nodes • On each runner sensor nodes are deployed,with the following sensors: • Pedometer • Heart Rate sensor • Temperature sensor • This enables: • Measurement of running speed • Heart rate monitoring • Spent calorie measurement: • calories spent = f (body weight, speed)‏

15. Delivering information to users • BioScreen View • Calorie count • Heart rate, Body temperature • Current / Average Speed • etc. • Map View • Shows current positions of all runners on the image of the running path • Score List View • Score can be measured in: • Running positions • Average speed • Spent calorie count

16. Central Server • Allows for: • monitoring of the whole track • insight into the vital paramtersof each of the runners • calculates the calorie consumptionfor each of the runners • sorts the runners by the chosen critria • stores data and sends them to runners

17. WSN in enhancing exercise experience in personal fitness Goran Rakočević g.rakocevic@gmail.comAleksandar Crnjin acrnjin@gmail.com