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Respiratory, Muscular and Skeletal Systems

Understanding Energy Transformations. Respiratory, Muscular and Skeletal Systems. What are groups of similar cells called? What are the 4 basic types of tissue in animals? . Tissues Epithelial Connective Nervous Muscle. Specialized Tissues. Define: Examples:.

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Respiratory, Muscular and Skeletal Systems

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  1. Understanding Energy Transformations Respiratory, Muscular and Skeletal Systems

  2. What are groups of similar cells called? • What are the 4 basic types of tissue in animals? • Tissues • Epithelial • Connective • Nervous • Muscle Specialized Tissues

  3. Define: • Examples: • Cells that line/cover internal & external body structures; includes glands • Skin • Linings of blood vessels • Lining of digestive tract Epithelial Tissue

  4. Functions: • Protect tissues beneath • Absorption of gases & nutrients • Secretion of substances • Provide sensation Epithelial Tissue

  5. Define: • Characteristics come from: • What is the extracellular matrix? • Provides support for the body & connects its parts • The extracellular matrix • Non-living tissue that surrounds/supports living cells Connective Tissue

  6. Examples: • Blood • Bone • Ligaments/tendons • Cartilage • Adipose (fat) • Mesenteries Connective Tissue

  7. What is the matrix of blood? • What are the living cells of blood? • Plasma – fluid part of blood; makes up 55% of blood volume • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets Connective Tissue

  8. What is the matrix of bone? • What are the living cells of bone? • Collagen protein • Calcium Phosphate • Osteocytes Connective Tissue

  9. What is the matrix of cartilage? • What are the living cells of cartilage? • Collagen protein • Elastin fibers • Chondrocytes Connective Tissue

  10. Why does bone heal so quickly? • Why does cartilage heal slowly/not at all? • Large blood supply • No blood supply Connective Tissue

  11. Define: • Examples: • Tissue that transmits nerve impulses throughout body • Brain • Spinal Cord • Sensory & motor neurons Nervous Tissue

  12. Define: • Examples: • Tissue that is made of “excitable” cells that are capable of contraction • Most abundant tissue type in most animals • Skeletal • Smooth • Cardiac Muscle Tissue

  13. Function of system: • Relationship to aerobic cell respiration: • Brings about the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood, the air & the tissues of an organism • Provides O2 to the cells so that glucose can be broken down/converted to ATP Respiratory System

  14. What is cellular metabolism? • Importance of respiratory system to cellular metabolism: • The chemical processes occurring with a living cell that are necessary for the maintenance of life • Provides oxygen for the conversion of glucose to ATP to power the chemical processes Respiratory System

  15. What is anabolism? • Energy is: • Example: • The building of larger molecules from smaller ones • Used • Photosynthesis Respiratory System

  16. What is catabolism? • Energy is: • Example: • The breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones • Released • Aerobic cellular respiration

  17. What are the main organs? • Actual place of gas exchange in lungs: • Other structures: • Lungs • Alveoli (clusters of air sacs that look like grapes) • Trachea • Left & Right Bronchi • Bronchioles • Diaphragm Structures of Respiratory System

  18. Function of system: • What are 2 basic types of muscle action? • To provide movement for and within body • Voluntary • Example - skeletal • Involuntary • Examples - smooth & cardiac Muscular System

  19. What organelles are found in large numbers in muscle tissue? • What 2 muscle types require a constant input of energy? • What 2 muscle types might require a rapid input of energy? • Mitochondria • Cardiac • Smooth • Cardiac • Skeletal Muscular System

  20. Digestive System • Circulatory System • Respiratory System • Muscular System • Nervous System • Provides energy: • Transports nutrients, gases & wastes to/from cells • Provides gas exchange • Controls action of diaphragm/lungs • Controls actions of all systems Body Systems & Cellular Respiration

  21. Functions: • Supports body • Protects internal organs • Provides movement • Stores mineral reserves • Site of blood cell formation (marrow) Skeletal System

  22. What is a endoskeleton? • Composition: • Organisms with an endoskeleton: • An internal skeleton • Bones, cartilage, ligaments & tendons • Reptiles • Amphibians • Fish • Birds • Mammals Skeletal System

  23. What is an exoskeleton? • Composition: • Organisms with exoskeleton: • Organisms with both: • An external skeleton • Chitin, bone, calcium carbonate • Insects • Crustaceans • Mollusks • Armadillo • Turtle Skeletal System

  24. Where do bones meet? • What holds 2 or more bones together? • What attaches muscle to bone? • Joints • Ligaments • Tendons Skeletal System

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