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Enhancing Catalytic Reactions Through Mechanical Force: Sonication Effects on Conversion Rates

This study investigates the effects of mechanical force, specifically sonication, on the activation of catalysts under various conditions. At a concentration of 3 mM and 6°C, sonication achieved a conversion of 65% in 60 minutes, while without sonication, the conversion dropped to just 3%. Higher temperatures, such as 80°C, resulted in significant conversion rates (94% in 60 minutes), while reactions at room temperature showed no activity. Different catalyst concentrations and conditions were also tested, demonstrating varying levels of effectiveness and emphasizing the importance of mechanical force in catalytic activation.

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Enhancing Catalytic Reactions Through Mechanical Force: Sonication Effects on Conversion Rates

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  1. Activating Catalysts with Mechanical Force

  2. 1a : 3 mM , 6 oC , 60 min, conversion : 65 % (sonication) 1a : 3 mM , 6 oC60 min, conversion : 3 % (without sonication) 1a : 0.6 mM , 95 oC ,45 min, conversion : 28%

  3. Room temperature : no reaction 80 oC ,60 min, conversion : 94%

  4. 6a : 1 mM , 20 oC , 60 min, conversion : 14% 6b : 1 mM , 20 oC 60 min, conversion : 36% 7 : 1 mM , 20 oC , 150 min, conversion <1%

  5. 1 mM 6b solution (sonication) +10 mM of PCy3

  6. 1 mM 6b solution (sonication) + 10 mM of PCy3 + 100 mM of DEDAM

  7. 1 mM 6c 20 oC (sonication) conversion : 90% 1 mM 6c 20 oC (no sonication) conversion : 2%

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