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Urinary System

Urinary System. Function 1. _________ 2. ________ of blood ________ and ________. 3. regulation of the concentration of __________ in the __________ 4. Regulation of extracellular __________, _________. 5. _________________________. I. Kidney Structure A. External

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Urinary System

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  1. Urinary System

  2. Function 1. _________ 2. ________ of blood ________ and ________. 3. regulation of the concentration of __________ in the __________ 4. Regulation of extracellular __________, _________. 5. _________________________.

  3. I. Kidney Structure A. External 1. Size of your _______. 2. ______________ shaped. 3. _________ kidney is slightly _________ than the left, due to ____________. 4. ___________ - anchors kidney & adrenal gland to surrounding tissues. 5. ____________ - Cushion layer. 6. ____________ - thin, transparent layer of fibrous tissue.

  4. B. Internal 1. Renal _______________ - inner most. a. _______ - Concave portion where the renal artery & vein unit with the kidney. b. ___________________ - space. c. ___________________ - membrane line basin. d. _______ - funnel shaped channels from the pelvis & collects newly formed urine. 2. ___________ - Outermost layer 3. ____________ 4. ____________ - Parts of the cortex extends into the medulla. 5. ____________ - functional subunit of the kidney.

  5. Kidney Structure

  6. C. Blood Supply - 1200ml/min @ rest. To the nephron From the nephron 1. _____ artery 7. _________ Arterioles 2. __________Arteries - 5 in the renal sinuses 8. ____________ Veins 3. _________ Arteries - renal pyramids 9. ____________ Veins 4. ____ Arteries - Between Cortex & medulla 10. ___________ Veins 5. _______________ Arteries - Cortex 11. ___________ Veins 6. ___________ Arterioles - to nephron 12. ___________ Veins

  7. Kidney Overview

  8. Review What are some of the functions of the excretory system? How much blood are in the kidneys at rest? What are some factors that can influence the amount of blood in the kidneys? What are the two parts of the kidneys?

  9. Blood Supply to Kidney

  10. D. _______________ - ____________kidney A portion is in both the medulla & cortex Two parts a. Renal ________________ 1. ___________________ 2. ___________________ a. ________ - pore in endothelial walls of glomerulus. b. _________________ - specialized cells. c. _________________ b. Renal _______________ - Series of single layer tubules 1. ________________________________ 2. ________________________________ 3. ________________________________

  11. E. Blood Flow Through Nephron Blood __________ - Large -> ______________ - Narrow & _________ high back pressure Efferent Blood <- PeritubularTubulars - porus & ________ pressure

  12. Nephron

  13. F. _________________ 1. Distal _________ tubular ________ the _____________. 2. ____________ the rate of ________ ___________.

  14. Review • What is a nephron? • What are the two parts of the nephron? • What is the job of the podocytes? • Where in the nephron is the juxtaglomularappratus?

  15. II. Kidney Function Removal of _________substances (through excretion - urea & uric acid) from the blood stream & maintain a fluid balance electrolyte concentration, & pH. A. Urine formation _______ L (145 gallons)/day - _______ time your total blood volume. _______% of the fluid is returned to the blood stream. ___% ________ L is excreted as urine. 3 step process

  16. 1. _____________ - movement of blood plasma across the filtration membrane at the renal corpuscle. a. _________ - fluid & dissolved substances that penetrate the membrane. b. High _____________ pressure at the glomerulus (glomerular capillary pressure) pushes plasma through the filtration membrane. c. Net Filtration pressure (NFP) 10mm of mercury. d. Rate of __________ is determined by filtration that is __________. High filtration _________= high volume of __________

  17. Reabsorbtion

  18. 2. Reabsorption a. __________% of water, majority of nutrients, essential ions are removed & transported to nearby peritubular capillaries. • K+, Ca+, HCO3-, Cl- b. ____________ of material is returned to the blood stream resulting in a concentration of wastes that remain in the tubule. c. Filtrate vs urine _______________ - Same as blood plasma except the lack of proteins. __________ - more concentration of ions, urea, & uric acid d. Reabsorption procedure Proximal Convoluted Tubule ____% of __________. Main site of water & solute reabsorbtion.

  19. Reabsorption in the Proximal Tubule

  20. Urine Substances

  21. 3. Loop of Henle 15% of reabsorption. ___________ - continues water reabsorption Solute concentration increases ____________ - Reabsorption of solutes (Chloride, sodium) More dilute because of the removal of solutes.

  22. ____________ - Reabsorption of solutes (Chloride, sodium) More dilute because of the removal of solutes.

  23. Reasorption in Distal tubule collecting dcut

  24. 4. ______________ - Net movement of unwanted substance from the peritubular capillaries into the proximal convoluted. How does this movement occur? ________________ - H ions (controls the body’s pH), Potassium ions, Penicillin) __________ – urea __________

  25. Review • What are the three parts to urine formation? • How is each part different? What are some methods that each part uses for urine formation?

  26. III. Urea & Uric Acid Formation ___________ containing wastes products from _____________ A. Urea Liver’s metabolism of ______ creates ammonia (______), so it is quickly converted to ______ by the liver & released in to the bloodstream. ______% is excreted in _______/______% is _________ by the body. B. Uric Acid Metabolism of certain _______________. _____% is ______ by urine

  27. IV. Regulation of Urine Concentration & Volume ______________in response to our changing condition of our _______ to maintain a constant blood composition & volume. ___________ -Increases slat in urine & _________ urine volume. _________ exercise - Urine volume is less with ____________. Juxtaglomerular regulates urine formation & is triggered when NFP ___________.

  28. Review • Where does urea and uric acid come from? • What are some activities that can increase urine output? What are some that can decrease urine output?

  29. A. _________ & __________ – _______ water re-absorption. _______ converts a plasma protein to _______. ____________ is then converted in the blood into _____________. ___________ effects the adrenal _________ to release _______________ which increases re-absorption of Sodium, Chloride, water (increases blood pressure). ___________ in blood pressure, _________ NFP, increased in filtrate production.

  30. B. ___________-Increases water re-absorption. Released by the ________________ Regulates rate of active transport in the distal convoluted tubule & collecting duct. ____________ the re-absorption of _________ by transporting it out. ________ follows because of the ____________ ________________. Volume of urine ___________, __________ in blood ______________.

  31. C. ____________________ (ADH) - Posterior Pituitary Gland. Increases water _________________________. ______________ in blood volume - Pituitary releases ADH. Increases the permeability of distal tubules & collecting ducts to water. Water absorption ___________, therefore blood volume ______________. _______________ in urine ______________. D. _____________________- decreases water re-absorption Released by the cells in the right atrium of the heart when blood pressure changes within the heart. ___________ the ability of the kidneys to ________ water & solutes, resulting in a large volume of _________, therefore blood pressure ___________.

  32. E. ____________________- Decreases water reabsorption Nerve impulses from the ____________ nervous system stimulate the contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of afferent arterioles. _______________ results in decreased in blood flow passing through the glomerulus. Decreased in ______________. Decreased in __________ & ____________. From heavy __________ or ___________.

  33. Hormonal regulation overview

  34. Review • Renin, angiotension I & II, aldosterone, and ADH increase water reabsorption, how? Why would you need your body to reabsorb water? • How does Atrial Natriuretic Factor decrease water reabsorption? Why?

  35. V. Maintenance of Body Fluids Uptake of water & _________ = __________. Organs involved Skin, liver, organs of the alimentary canal, & kidney (largest effect).

  36. VI Regulation of pH ________ - ______ are normal ranges Low ______ _______ (_________ or __________) high pH Alkalosis (respiratory or metabolic). A. Buffers. Resist changes in pH. Three main buffers Proteins Phosphates ________________ - most important because it regulates the respiratory & urinary system. H20 + CO2 <-> H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3 In blood _____________________________

  37. B. Respiratory System (+) CO2, (-) pH, _________ increases in _____ breathing - more _______ _______ pH(+). (-) CO2, (+) pH, brain _______ breathing, _____ CO2 leaves, CO2 _____________ in tissues, (+)H ,(-) pH . C. Kidney (-) pH, ___________ the rate of secretion of H @ the same time rate of ___________ of _______________. Excess H are removed & restoring the pH. (+) pH _____________ rate of H secretion & ________________________ Lower pH.

  38. Regulation of pH

  39. Regulation of Potassium

  40. Regulation of Calcium

  41. Review • What is the pH range that your body should be in for normal function? • What is the main mechanism that controls normal blood chemical ranges? • How does your body deal with excessive Hydrogen ions?

  42. VII Ureters A. __________ newly formed urine from the ________ to the _____________. B. Pair tubular organ designed for ______________. C. Arise from the renal _______. D. Extend downward along the _________________. E. Behind the peritoneum (_______________________).

  43. E. Wall of each ureter as three layers. 1. __________ - ______ membrane, protects underlying cells from the passage of urine. 2. ___________ -Smooth _______ & ______ fibers, peristaltic contraction. 3. _________ - fibrous connective tissue that protects the underlying tissue. F. _______ at each opening that acts as a one way valve.

  44. Review • What is the job of the ureter? • How many do ureters do you have? • Why is the ureter coated in mucus? • Why are there flaps at the top and bottom of the ureter?

  45. IIX Urinary Bladder A. Is an ___________ like organ that _______ urine from the ureters & stores it until release into the ____________. B. Located on the _______ of the pelvis behind the ________. C. ______ surface is only covered by peritoneum. D. _______ are extremely _________. E. Average capacity of _____ ml, but it can hold ______ that. F. Ureteral openings. G. ___________ - frequent site of urinary infections.

  46. H. Walls of the bladder is made up of _____ layers: 1. Innermost – ________ 2. ___________ - supportive. 3. Smooth muscle, ____________ - __________ & ________ layers of fibers. 4. _______ connective tissue.

  47. Review • What is the function of the urinary bladder? • Why is the urinary bladder coated in mucus? • What is the average capacity of the urinary bladder? What is the maximum capacity of the urinary bladder? • What is the purpose of smooth muscle in the urinary bladder?

  48. IX Urethra A. _______ urine from the urinary bladder to the _______, differs between males & females. B. ________ urethral sphincter - _________ muscle, _____________ keeps urine in the bladder. C. ________ urethral sphincter - _______ muscle – _________ 1. _______ a. ___ inches long b. Passes through the __________. c. Carries __________ fluids. 2. Females a. ____ inches long

  49. X. _______ (voluntary control between 2-3) A. Process of emptying the bladder & is both a _________ & ________ response. B. ______ ml, bladder wall stretches to activate the ________ receptors. C. Send a signal to the ______________. D. Motor signal are sent to the bladder by a ____________. E. _________ muscle to contract & _________ urethral sphincter to ______. F. As _________ continues to contract, ___________ urge to void. G. Maybe stopped by the ________ urethral sphincter if timing is not appropriate. H. Further contraction of the detrusor

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