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Contd …. Growth and Developement

Contd …. Growth and Developement. Dr Shreedhar Paudel 11/03/009. Assessment of physical growth. Evaluated by Body measurements Velocity of physical growth. Technique of Measurement. Weight Length- for babies under 2 years Height- for children more than 2 years of age

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Contd …. Growth and Developement

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  1. Contd…. Growth and Developement Dr ShreedharPaudel 11/03/009

  2. Assessment of physical growth • Evaluated by • Body measurements • Velocity of physical growth

  3. Technique of Measurement • Weight • Length- for babies under 2 years • Height- for children more than 2 years of age • Chest circumference • Head circumference

  4. Normal Growth • Weight: average birth weight- 3 kg • The new born loses about 10% of the body wt which is regained by the age of 10 days • Wt gain- 25 to 30 gm/day- first 3 months of life, after that 400 gm of wt gain per month up to 1 yr • Simple formula- 5 months- 2* birth wt - 1 year- 3* birth wt - 2 years- 4* birth wt

  5. Normal Growth…. • Length or height • 50 cm at birth • 60 cm at 3 months of age • 70 cm at 9 months • 75 cm at 1 year • 90 cm at 2 years • 100 cm at 4.5 years

  6. Normal Growth • Head circumference • 32 to 35 cm at birth • 40 cm at 3 months of age • 45 cm at 1 year • 48 cm at 2 years • 52 cm at 12 years (If the head circumference exceeds 1 cm in 2 weeks during the first 3 months of life, hydrocephalus should be suspected)

  7. Normal Growth …. • Chest circumference - 3 cm less than that of head circumference at birth - Both are equal by the age of 1 year - Chest circumference exceeds head circumference after 1 year of age

  8. Normal Growth…. • Velocity of growth • Increment in a unit time • Tool for early identification of factors affecting growth • Can also help in predicting the ultimate adult height

  9. Growth Charts • Show progressive changes in the height and weight of a child as the age advances • A good epidemiological tool for early diagnosis of malnutrition, occult infections and other adverse environmental factors • Percentile curves are plotted in a proper way • Normal range is mean ± 2 SD i.ebetween 3rd and 97th percentile curves

  10. Developmental milestones • Developmental milestones are physical or behavioral signs of development or maturation of infants and children. • Developmental milestones are tasks most children learn, or physical developments, that commonly appear in certain age ranges.

  11. Developmental Milestones • Gross motor • 3 months Neck holding • 5 months Sitting with support • 8 months sitting without support • 9 months Standing with support • 10 months Walking with support • 11 months Crawling • 12 months Standing without support • 13 months Walking without support • 18 months Running • 24 months Walking upstairs • 36 months Riding tricycles

  12. Developmental milestones • Fine motor • 4 months Grasps a ring when placed in hand • 5 months Reaches out to an object and holds it with both hands ( bidextrous grasp) • 7 months Holds an object with palm ( palmar grasp) • 9 months Holds small objects in between index finger and thumb ( pincer grasp)

  13. Developmental Milestones • Language • 1 month Turns head to sound • 3 months Cooing • 6months Can say ‘ma’ ‘ba’(monosyllables) • 9 months Can say ‘mama’ ‘baba’ (bisyllables) • 12 months Two words with meaning • 18 months Ten words with meaning • 24 months Simple sentences • 36 months Telling a story

  14. Developmental Milestones • Social • 2 months Social smile • 3 months Recognizing mother • 6 months Smiles at mirror images • 9 months Waves ‘bye- bye’ • 12 months Plays a simple ball games • 36 months Knows gender

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