SOLID STATE DRIVES

1. SOLID STATE DRIVES By: VaibhavTalwar UE84071 EEE(5th Sem)

2. INTRODUCTION A solid-state drive (SSD)- It is a data storage device that uses solid-state memory to store persistent data. SSDs, use microchips, and contain no moving parts. Compared to traditional HDDs, SSDs are typically less susceptible to physical shock, quieter, and have lower access time and latency. SSDs use the same interface as hard disk drives, thus easily replacing them in most applications.

3. The disassembled components of a hard disk drive (left) and of the PCB and components of a solid-state drive (right)

4. EVOLUTION 1950- core memory and Card Capacitor Read Only Store (CCROS). 1980s- SSDs were implemented in semiconductor memory for early supercomputers of IBM, Amdahl and Cray. 1978- Texas Memory Systems introduced a 16 kilobyte (KB) RAM solid-state drive to be used by oil companies for seismic data acquisition. 1995- M-Systems introduced flash-based solid-state drives. 2003 - Terabyte SSDs become commercially available In February 2003 Competitors Texas Memory Systems and Imperial Technology announced the world's first terabyte class SSD May 2006 - Samsung launched the world's first high volume Windows XP notebook using SSDs.

5. Enterprise Flash Drives • High I/O performance • Reliability • Energy efficiency • Higher Standards

6. Types of SSD’s Flash drives DRAM based drive • Use non-volatile flash memory • Do not require batteries • Retain memory even during sudden power outages. • SSDs are slower than DRAM SSD • Use volatile memory. • Battery or an external AC/DC adapter. • If power is lost, the battery provides power while all Information is copied from random access memory (RAM) to back-up storage. • Ultrafast data access.

7. ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTION Controller, Cache, Energy Storage, Flash

8. An example of SSDSamsung’s 4GB SLC drive • 1 page = 4KB • 1 block =64 pages =64*4KB • 1 plane = 2048 blocks = 2048*64*4KB • 1 die = 4 planes = 4*2084*64*4KB

10. Foam Factor It is size of driving media not of casing. Standard Form Factors are 5.25", 3.5", 2.5", 1.8" . A 5.25” drive A 3.5” drive

11. Flash SSD Performance Drives Read Performance

12. Write Performance

13. Advantages • Faster start-up because no spin-up is required. • Consistent read performance because physical location of data is irrelevant for SSDs. • Silent operation due to the lack of moving parts. • SSDs typically have lower power consumption than HDDs. • Eliminates the risk of mechanical failure. • Ability to endure extreme shock, high altitude, vibration and extremes of temperature. • Immune to magnets. • SSDs are random access by nature and can perform parallel reads on multiple sections of the drive.

14. Disadvantages • Limited write erase time • 100000 writes for SLC (MLC is even fewer) • high endurance cells may have an 1-5 million • But some files still need more • Weaver leaving to spread writes all over the disk • Cost significantly more per unit capacity • 3$/GB vs. 0.15$/GB • Slower write speeds because of the erase blocks are becoming larger and larger(1.5 ms per erase) • The capacity of SSDs is currently lower than that of hard drives

15. Applications • Solid-state drive (SSD) technology has been marketed to the military and niche industrial markets since the mid-1990s. • Appearing in ultra-mobile PCs and a few lightweight laptop systems. • USB flash drive

16. TEXAS MEMORY SYSTEM claims to be world’s fastest memory system provider, using SSD technology. RamSan® solid state disks not only outperform the fastest conventional drives hundreds of times over, but are many times faster than the closest competitor.

17. Refrences • http://www.storagesearch.com • http://www.ramsan.com • www.ssddrives.com/ • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_drive • http://focus.ti.com/docs/solution/folders/print/564.html • compreviews.about.com/od/storage/a/SSD.htm • www.solidstatedrive.com/