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Unit 1: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

Grade 9 Science. Unit 1: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds. Grade 9 Science. . . U nit 1. Chapter 1: Atomic theory explains the composit i on and beh a viour of m a tte r . Lab. Sa f e t y . A. R e vi e w.  Safety MUST be y our top p r io r it y .

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Unit 1: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

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  1. Grade9 Science Unit 1:Atoms,Elements, andCompounds

  2. Grade9 Science...Unit 1 Chapter1:Atomic theory explainsthe compositionand behaviourof matter.

  3. Lab Safety... A Review SafetyMUSTbeyourtop priority. Know them beforeyou dothe laband use them whiledoing the lab.

  4. Laboratory Safety Completeactivity 1-1A pg. 9

  5. SafetyRules for the Science Lab pages 10-11 General Glassware Chemicals Hotplates and openflames Electricalequipment

  6. WHMIS... Page12 W H M I S workplace hazardous materials information system

  7. HazardSymbols... Page13 Dangerous Container Dangerous Contents

  8. Properties of Matter Matteris anything that has andvolume. mass Massis theamountof matter in a substance Volumeis substance or object. theamountof spacea or objectoccupies.

  9. Matterismade upofelements. Elementsaresubstancesthat contain onetypeofmatter cannotbebroken down or separatedinto simpler substances. and

  10. DescribingMatter 1.PhysicalPropertiespg.18 Characteristics Canbeeither qualitative(observed) orquantitative (measured). ofmatter areoften observed that or measured.

  11. •Color •Malleability •Lustre •Conductivity •Boilingpoint •Meltingpoint •Texture •Magnetism •Density

  12. 2.ChemicalProperties pg. a 19 Observed whensubstancesreactwith eachother. Determines substances usefulness.

  13. •Reactivity •Combustibility •Toxicity

  14. Core Lab Activity 1-2Cpg. 20 PhysicalandChemicalProperties

  15. Theory vs. Law Atheory is lesswell thana law. supported Mostlawsaresupported by different androbust experimental evidence.

  16. Atomic Theory Thedescriptions of matter howitbehaves. Hasundergone manymodificationsas new facts becameavailable. and

  17. Earlyideas... 2000yearsago Empedocles:matterwas composed of four“elements”; earth,air,water,and fire.

  18. Democritus:eventuallya substancewillbecut into thatcan no longer becut. calledthis piece atomos. a piece He

  19. Developmentof Atomic Theory JohnDalton (1766-1844) Hesuggestedthattheparticlesthat makeup matterarelikesmall,hard spheresthataredifferentfor different elements. Hedefinedan atom asthesmallest particleof an element.

  20. Dalton’sModel... Model BilliardBall

  21. J.J.Thomson (1856-1940) Hesuggested that allatomsmust contain electrons (negative charge). Hismodel pictureda positively chargedballwiththe negatively charged electrons embeddedin it.

  22. Thomson’sModel... Model RaisinBun

  23. ErnstRutherford Hediscoveredthat nucleus. (1871-1937) atoms havea Therearetwo kinds ofparticles thenucleus;protons (positive in charge)and neutrons (neutral).

  24. Rutherford’sModel... Model Planetary

  25. NielsBohr (1885-1962) Heproposed that electronssurroundthenucleusin specificenergy levels orshells. Eachelectron has aparticularamount ofenergy.

  26. Bohr’sModel... Orbital Model

  27. Rutherfordwas ableto develop Thomson’smodel due to the development ofnew technologies.(gold foilexperiment) Thedevelopment ofcyclotrons andproton accelerators have furtherdevelopedthemodel accepted today. • •

  28. Summary...

  29. Inside the Atom Subatomic Particle Charge Mass Location Proton(p+) + Large Nucleus Neutron(n) 0 Large Nucleus Electron(e-) - verysmall Energylevels

  30. The Atom

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