Advanced Placement Human Geography

1. Advanced Placement Human Geography

2. The Exam • Graded on a scale of 1-5 • 1 = no recommendation • 2 = possibly qualified • 3 = qualified • 4 = well qualified • 5 = extremely well qualified • College credit - depends on the college/university • http://collegesearch.collegeboard.com/apcreditpolicy/index.jsp •  The Test: • 60 minute, 75 question Multiple Choice • 75 minute 3 Free Response Questions • Friday, May 17th in the morning (nationwide)

3. The Course - Outline Unit I - Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives (5-10%) Unit II - Population (13-17%) Unit III - Cultural Patterns and Processes (13-17%) Unit IV - Political Organization of Space (13-17%) Unit V - Agriculture and Rural Land Use (13-17%) Unit VI - Industrialization and Economic Development (13-17%) Unit VII - Cities and Urban Land Use (13-17%)

4. The Basics • You will not be asked to label a map BUT you are expected to know where countries are, what their culture is like, what issues they present, etc. • Practice - Online Map Quiz: http://www.funbrain.com/where/ • You will be asked to interpret maps on both MC/FRQ: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2008/08/04/sports/olympics/20080804_MEDALCOUNT_MAP.html

6. FRQ: Parts of a Question Define: Basic Definition Identify: Name it! Describe: Identify + one true statement Explain: Describe + Tell How and Why

7. Practice - Where do we stand? • As an academic discipline, geography is principally concerned with the • (a)  nature and meaning of place names • (b)  impact of the environment on human understandings and activities • (c)  evolving character and spatial organization of Ear th’s sur face • (d)  absolute location of places, peoples, and processes on Earth’s surface • (e)  construction of maps that depict places, peoples, and processes as accurately as possible 2. Thomas Malthus based his work on population on which of the following premises? • (a)  Both food production and population increase arithmetically . • (b)  Food production increases arithmetically and population increases exponentially . • (c)  Both food production and population increase exponentially . • (d)  Food production increases exponentially and population increases arithmetically . • (e)  Food production increases arithmetically and population remains stable . 

8. Practice, cont. 3. Of the following, which region contains the smallest percentage of the world’s population? • (a)  The Southern Hemisphere • (b)  The Northern Hemisphere • (c)  The Eastern Hemisphere • (d)  Coastal areas of the world within 160 kilometers (100 miles) of ocean • (e)  Areas of the world lying lower than 150 meters (500 feet) above sea level 4. In 2005 the United States and Canada had a higher crude death rate than Mexico because they • (a)  are larger countries • (b)  received more immigrants • (c)  had more elderly people • (d)  had a higher standard of living • (e)  spent more on health care

9. Practice, cont.  5. Place names that refer to saints are most common in which of the following North American regions? (a)  Louisiana and New England • (b)  California and British Columbia • (c)  Ontario and Utah • (d)  Nova Scotia and the United States Midwest • (e)  Quebec and the United States Southwest

10. Unit One Vocabulary Review: http://quizlet.com/58043/the-cultural-landscape-an-introduction-to-human-geography-chapter-1-key-terms-flash-cards/ Main Ideas • Greek origins - geo = Earth, graphy = to write • 5 themes of geography make each place unique and then tie them together (in regions) • Romans saw cartography as an art, not a science. Islamic scholars identified features on Earth's surface, Marco Polo reintroduced discovery of outside world, then sparked colonialism/trade development. • Three types of regions: formal, functional, vernacular • Three main aspects of distribution: density, concentration, patterns.

11. Unit One Regions:      - Formal     - Functional         * Distance Decay     - Vernacular (Perceptual) Concentration:     - Clustered     - Dispersed

12. Vernacular Region

13. Unit One Distribution:     - Density:         - Arithmetic         - Physiological         - Agricultural Location:      - absolute     - relative Spatial Interaction: How do places interact?      - Time-Space Compression *Watch the animated map and identify as many concepts of Human geography as you can

14. Unit One Four Aspects of a Geographic Point:     - Site     - Situation     - Place Name (Toponym)     - Mathematical Location Diffusion:     - Relocation     - Expansion:         - Hierarchical         - Contagious         - Stimulus

15. Famous (and peculiar?) Toponyms • Ah! Wilderness CO • Aloha OR • Bell Buckle TN • Black Cat DE • Blue Eyes AR • Red Eye VA • Nameless TN • No Name CO • Nothing AZ • Purgatory CO • Peculiar MO • Resume Speed TX • Total Wreck AZ • Tranquility CA • You Bet CA • Ding Dong TX (located in Bell County) • 96 SC • What Cheer? IA (the only U. S. town that's questionable) • Agawam MA 01001 (the lowest zip code in the U. S.) • Santa Claus, North Pole, Canada HOHOHO (not a town, but a postal location)

16. Unit One Globalization versus Local Diversity More Developed Countries (MDC)  Less Developed Countries (LDC)

17. Unit Two - Population and Migration Vocabulary Review: http://quizlet.com/68255/the-cultural-landscape-an-introduction-to-human-geography-chapter-2-key-terms-flash-cards/ Main Ideas • Demographic Transition Model is a tool geographers use to categorize countries' population growth rates and economic structures. The model analyzes crude birth rates, crude death rates, and total population trends in a society at a given point of time. Once a country moves into the next stage of the model, it cannot go back. 

18. Unit Two - Population and Migration • British economist Thomas Malthus coined the term overpopulation in the late 1700s. Malthus suggested that the world's population was growing faster than the rate of food production, and as a result, mass starvation would occur. Malthus was correct in his assumption about world population increase but was incorrect in his assessment of agriculture's inability to produce sufficient food.  • The world's population is growing exponentially. Most of the growth is occurring in developing countries. More developed countries are either at or near zero population growth. Some Eastern European countries are losing population. 

19. Unit Two - Population and Migration • Population Pyramids show the age and sex demographics of a particular country, city, or neighborhood. Inverted pyramids indicate a large percentage of elderly persons in the community. A large base indicates a lot of children in the society and could indicate a less developed country.  • There are three primary push and pull factors: economic, political, and environmental. Each of these reasons has caused millions of people to move. • Refugees voluntarily leave an area for fear of death or persecution. Forced migrants are forced by the government to move. Forced migrants can suffer the same fate as refugees if they do not obey the government mandate for them to relocate.

20. Unit Two Demography: • crude birth rate • crude death rate Ecumene: • Where can people not live? (5 main areas) Population Clusters: • Four main concentrations of population

21. Unit Two Crude Birth Rate:

22. Unit Two Infant Mortality Rate     - what is it?     - what factors contribute? Total Fertility Rate     - what is it?     - what factors contribute? Life Expectancy     - what is it?      - what factors contribute?

23. Unit Two Wealth and Health - the connection.

24. Unit Two Thomas Malthus:  • population grows exponentially • food production is linear • therefore: • 2 units of food, 2 people • 3 units of food, 4 people • 4 units of food, 8 people • 5 units of food, 16 people • Predicted overpopulation - starvation, population checks • Why was he wrong? • Neo-Malthusians believe...

25. Unit Two Demographic Transition Model:     Stage One -      Stage Two -          *S Curve     Stage Three -          Stage Four -      Stage Five?

26. Unit Two

27. Unit Two Population Pyramids: • Age/Sex Cohorts • Sex Ratio • Dependency Ratio

28. Epidemiological Transition Stage One: Stage Two: Stage Three: Stage Four: Stage Five:

29. www.aphuman.weebly.com

30. Unit Two - Migration Migration = movement of people • emigration  • immigration • net migration Push/Pull Factors: • Economic • Political • Environmental Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

31. Unit Two - Migration Types of Migration • International • Intercontinental • Internal • Interregional • Intraregional Rural to Urban Migration Urban to Suburban Migration Cyclic Migration

32. Ancestry by Immigration

33. Unit Two - Migration Patterns of Migration: • Chain Migration • Distance Decay • Core Periphery

34. Free Response Work 2. In 1798 Thomas Robert Malthus published An Essay on the Principle of Population in which he argued that population growth will inevitably outpace food production, resulting in widespread famine. • Identify and explain TWO reasons why some geographers today believe Malthus’ theory can be used to predict future population issues. • Identify and explain TWO reasons why some geographers today believe Malthus’ theory cannot be used to predict future population issues. 

36. Resources • Links to a lot of websites: http://www.political-economy.net/human_geography/web-09.htm • Martin's AP Human Geography site: http://www.martinsaphug.com/ • Vocabulary: http://www.martinsaphug.com/learn/vocabulary/ • "The Motherload" chapter summaries:         http://www.martinsaphug.com/2011/05/quick-exam-review-vocabulary-practice-test-links/ •  Another list of links: http://www.martinsclass.com/aphug/links/student-links/ •  Study Stack: http://www.studystack.com/APHumanGeography •  Quizlet: http://quizlet.com/subject/ap-human-geography/