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Nucleus & Cytoplasm

Nucleus & Cytoplasm. CELL NUCLEUS. It is usaully a round or oval structure in the center of the cell It controls all the activities of the cell and is constantly interacting with the cytoplasm It has three major components – Nuclear envelope Chromatin Nucleolus. Nuclear envelope

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Nucleus & Cytoplasm

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  1. Nucleus & Cytoplasm

  2. CELL NUCLEUS • It is usaully a round or oval structure in the center of the cell • It controls all the activities of the cell and is constantly interacting with the cytoplasm • It has three major components – • Nuclear envelope • Chromatin • Nucleolus

  3. Nuclear envelope • The nucleus is surrounded by two parrallel membranes which are seperated by a perinuclear space. • The two membranes and the perinuclear space together are called as the nuclear envelope. • Chromatin • This consists of DNA and associated proteins. • Chromatin is the chromosomal material which is dispersed throughout the cell in a non dividing cell • Two types • Heterochromatin • Euchromatin

  4. DNA CHROMATIN CHROMOSOMES

  5. Nucleolus: Nucleolus is a highly basophilic, spherical structure usually seen in cells which are active in protein synthesis. rRNA is synthesized and modified here, then they are sent into the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores.

  6. Barr Body Sex chromatin. Either X chromosome in cells from females can undergo inactivation and clumping to form heterochromatic sex chromatin. Morphologic features of sex chromatin can be seen in human female epithelial cells lining the mouth and neutrophils. The genetically inactive, heterochromatic X chromosome comprising the sex chromatin is sometimes called a Barr body, after the cytologist who first discovered it in the cells of females.

  7. Sex chromatin. Either X chromosome in cells from females can undergo inactivation and clumping to form heterochromatic sex chromatin. Morphologic features of sex chromatin can be seen in human female epithelial cells lining the mouth and neutrophils. Left: In the oral epithelial cells, heterochromatic sex chromatin appears as a small granule adhering to the nuclear envelope. These superficial buccal cells lining the cheeks are frequently used to study sex chromatin or as a very convenient source of nucleated cells for DNA analyses. Right: In neutrophils, chromatin often has the shape of a drumstick projecting from the multilobed nucleus that is unique to these cells. The genetically inactive, heterochromatic X chromosome comprising the sex chromatin is sometimes called a Barr body, after the cytologist who first discovered it in the cells of females.

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