Medieval (800-1400 AD)

1. Medieval (800-1400 AD)

2. 1.1 How did this period get its name? Francesco Petrarch Leonardo Bruni • Italian scholar • He said time had two periods • Classical period of Greeks & Romans and the darkness that followed • Another name - Dark Ages • Humanist • He believed that the Roman Empire would return to glory • A third modern age had begun • The age between the glory of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance was the Middle AgesBrainpop

3. Characteristics • Darkness, Death, Evil • Gargoyles • Black Plague –Brainpop • Bubonic Plague song • End of the world • Light • Stained Glass Windows

4. The Catholic Church • Dominated life and culture in Europe • Daily mass • Taxes • Translation of scripture • Indulgences-buy a pardon for your sins-go to heaven

5. Church Believed in a physical Hell • Must go to church • Quest for salvation - pilgrimages • Pilgrimage: a travel to a particular place for a purpose; religious • Relic: an object associated with a saint or martyr • Culture was focused on the Christian faith. • Eternal life after death. • Church the center of their towns. • Religious art appealed to the emotions and stressed the importance of religion.

6. Castle • Used for: • Protection • Division • Isolation • Separation • Surrounded by land units • Feudalism • legal/social system • Servants lived and worked on lands from Lords

8. 1.2 Dance – Medieval • Dance during the Black Death • dead thought as dangerous and hostile to the living. • prevent the dead from returning. • Music and dancing in churchyards might force the dead to accept their graves.

9. The Dance of the Dead • The figure of “Death” was an eerie “bridegroom” whose purpose was to draw every person in every social class to become his “bride”. • rebellion against church officials, death spares no man • The Roman Catholic Church was outraged-dancing “inspired by the devil”.

10. Dancing and the Church The Tarantella (KET Dance DVD) St. John’s Dance • became one of these seizure-like dances also referred to St. Vitus’ Dance, • Legend said bite of a tarantula spider. • still performed today • quick and physically demanding movements. • patron saint who helped/protected the sick. • Leaps, turns, screaming uncontrollably, and foaming at the mouth. • Still around in Italian provinces

11. Drama-Medieval • started inside churches with music from the choir; eventually moved to the town center. • Early-performed on pageant wagons • today parade floats • Later-stages • Elaborate and spectacular. • colorful emblems (illiterate) • Smoke, flames and trapdoors • Only men

12. Types of Plays • plays were part of large civic ceremonies and pageants. • Sponsored by guilds of artisans • (goldsmiths, carpenters, etc.) • Lots of money spent on play production • Mystery- based on scriptural events especially in the life of Jesus • Miracle- portrayed the lives of saints and martyrs • Morality- teaches the audience a lesson or a moral.

13. Music - Medieval • Gregorian Chant • monophonic • Some a cappella • During masses • call and response • The priest sings the lead phrases, the congregation/choir sings the responses.

14. 1.3 Byzantine Architecture 330-1450 A.D • Three styles of Christian architecture • Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic • Geographical location Byzantine had influence from all over the world • Arab, Persian, Greek, Roman

15. Byzantine Architecture330-1450 A.D

16. Floor plan Square cross with a centered dome groin vaults Vault created by two interesting barrel vaults

17. Triangular shape between the dome and the four piers Supports the weight above Pendentives

18. Roman Emperor Justinian ordered it to be built It was to have the highest widest dome ever Modeled after Pantheon in Rome Hagia Sophia

19. Hagia Sophia Pantheon

20. Hagia Sophia

21. Byzantine design: • squared-cross floor plan with a centered dome • dome-on-pendentives structural support system • exterior plain, little or no decoration • interior lavishly decorated with mosaics (small pieces of colored glass or stone)

22. Romanesque Architecture 1030-1200 A.D • Early Middle Ages • Roman-like, blocky, geometric forms, arches • Cathedral in shape of a cross

23. One-tenth of every man’s income was required to be given to the Church. • The floor plan of a Romanesque church is a rectangular-cross based on the Roman basilica.

24. Parts of a Cathedral • Apse: top curved end • Transept: arms of the cross • Nave: middle section (navel) - where the congregation sits

25. Romanesque Cathedral: • rounded arches over doors and windows (a must!) • barrel vault over nave • rectangular-cross plan • stone roof • plain exterior • massive, heavy look

26. Gothic Architecture 1140-1500 A.D. • gargoyles • pointed arches • flying buttresses • rectangular-cross plan • ribbed vaults • more light • stained glass windows • lots of sculpture, decorations • taller • thin walls

27. Ribbed Vaults

28. Flying Buttress

29. Tracery

30. Lancet Windows

31. Rose Window (stained Glass) Saint Denis Cathedral

32. Norte Dame in Paris, France

33. Medieval Review • Darkness after the classical Roman and Greeks • Darkness, Death, Evil • Catholic Church is all mighty • Dances about the Black Plague • Plays started in the church-for ceremonies • Morality plays • Music was Gregorian chants performed by monks • Art was seen in architectural cathedral designs

34. Architecture Game • http://flashnhistory.com/FlashPrograms/ChangesInMedievalTimes.swf