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Comprehensive Guide to C# Fundamentals: Data Types, Control Flow, and Object-Oriented Programming

Dive into the fundamentals of C# programming with this comprehensive guide covering data types, flow control, and object-oriented concepts. Learn about value and reference types, conditional statements like if and switch, various loop structures including for and foreach, and the use of enumerations and namespaces. Explore class and struct definitions, data members, method implementation, and the importance of constructors and destructors. This guide is essential for beginners looking to grasp the foundational elements of C# development.

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Comprehensive Guide to C# Fundamentals: Data Types, Control Flow, and Object-Oriented Programming

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  1. ITF11006 .NET The Basics

  2. The Basics • Data Types • Value Types • Reference Types • Flow Control • Conditional • Loop • Miscellaneous • Enumerations • Namespaces • Class / Struct • Data Members • Functional Mem • Base Classes • System.Object • System.String

  3. Variables/Constants • Syntax[modifier] type identifier [= expression]; • Scope • Class/Block • Constants[modifier] const type identifier [= constant-expression]; • Type Inferencevar identifier [= expression];

  4. Predefined Data Types • Value Types • Reference Types

  5. Predefined Data Types • Value Types • Integer Types • Floating Point Types • Decimal Type • Boolean Type • Character Type

  6. Integer Types

  7. Floating Point

  8. Decimal Type

  9. Boolean Type

  10. Character Type

  11. Nullable Types (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/1t3y8s4s(v=VS.100).aspx) • T? orSystem.Nullable(Of T) • Ordinary type plus null

  12. Predefined Reference Types • Object • String

  13. Flow Control • Conditional • if • switch • Loop • for • while • do..while • foreach • Jump • goto • break • continue • return

  14. Conditional Statements • if if (expression) statement1 [else statement2] • switchswitch (expression) { case constant-expression: statement jump-statement [default: statement jump-statement] }

  15. Loops • forfor ([initializers]; [expression]; [iterators]) statement • whilewhile (expression) statement • do..whiledo statement while (expression); • foreachforeach (typeidentifier in expression) statement

  16. Jump Statements • goto • break • continue • return • (throw)

  17. Enumerations • enum[modifiers] enum identifier [:base-type]{enumerator-list} • Inherits from System.Enum • Flags Attribute • Use enumerations

  18. Namespaces • Logical grouping of functionality • <company>.<technology/sw package> • Using directive

  19. Class (/Struct) • Data Members • Fields • Constants • Events • Function Members • Methods • Properties • Constructor • Destructor • Operators • Indexers

  20. Methods • syntax[modifiers] return-type method-name([formal-parameter-list]) { statement(s)} • Named Argumentsstring FullName(string firstName, string lastName)…FullName(“Ole”, “Olsen”);FullName(lastName: “Olsen”, firstName: “Ole”); • Optional Arguments • Method Overloading

  21. Properties • syntax[modifiers] type identifier{ set {accessor-body} get {accessor-body} } • Auto-Implementedpublic string Age(get; private set;) • Choosing Between Properties and Methods http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229054.aspx

  22. Construction and Disposal • Constructors • Instance • Class • Calling • Destructor • Why • How (pattern) • Dispose vs. Close

  23. Operators • Operator Overloading public static Vector operator * (double lhs, Vector rhs) { return new Vector(lhs * rhs.x, lhs * rhs.y, lhs * rhs.z); } public static Vector operator * (Vector lhs, double rhs) { return rhs * lhs; } Console.WriteLine("vect2 * 2 = " + ( vect2 * 2).ToString());

  24. Indexers public char this[int index] { get { ... } set { ... } }

  25. Instance vs. Class Level • Static • this vs. class name

  26. Struct • No inheritance (almost) • Constructors • Fields are sometimes declared public! • Structs are value types

  27. Struct vs. class • Footprint • Performance

  28. object (System.Object) • Methods • Comparing for Equality • Reference Types • Value Types

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