B Physics and the High Energy Frontier — (Super) B Factory/Tevatron (LHC)

1. B Physics and the High Energy Frontier — (Super) B Factory/Tevatron (LHC)

2. Strategy / Disclaimer • Phenomena Pertinent to BSM • Physics (vs Expt’l detail — not always most up-to-date) • [No “B Chemistry” (goto CKM meeting (Tim Gershon), if desired) • Short-term impact  This Decade 2010−2019 and not too tricky ... vs 2000−2009 • “Traditional” on BSM topics • Cannot cite all TH work, • but unabashedly promote own pheno work

3. New Physics Hints in B Decays and Collider Outlook January 7, 2006, WHEPP9 @ Bhubaneswar 1

4. Search for TeV Scale Physics in Heavy Flavour Decays July 28, SUSY2007 @ Karlsruhe 1

5. Thanks for WHEPP IX initiation! Makes me look forward to 2014 …

6. Will skip Bottomonium, D, K, t, m

7. High Energy Frontier Child Eating Giant (LHC/ILC?) the(un)Heavenly Things e. v. v. Higgs Castle c l o u d s http://pbjc-lib.state.ar.us/mural.htm Down to Earth Flavour/TeV ≅ Loops

8. 0. “Forward to the Past” as Intro Search for Future Influence from L.H.C Authors:Holger B. Nielsen, Masao Ninomiya (Submitted on 13 Jul 2007) SuperPowered Theorists ? or Wormhole to the Future? Wormhole from/to the Future? 6

9. Beware the Nielsen-Ninomiya Effect !

10. What If ? sin2b history (1999-2005) b/f1=-argVtd Discovery claimed R. Cahn -- SSI-2006 7

11. b  d transitions consistent with SM Our Main Theme What about b  s transitions ? 10

12. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008 "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature" "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics" CPViolation in SM 7 October 2008 B Factory

13. Outline • 0 Intro to Intro • I Intro to CP Violation • II CPV in b  s w/ Boxes and Penguins • DS; DAKp;sin2FBs; [ACP(B+  J/yK+)] • III H+ Probe: b  sg;B tn, [D(*)tn] • IV Electroweak Penguin: AFB(B K*ℓℓ);B K(*)nn • V RH Currents and Scalar Interactions • TCPV in B X0g;Bs  mm • VI Conclusion

14. I. Introduction to CP Violation

15. CPV i i QM CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase CP Violation Primer AntiParticle Process Particle Process

16. i in Dynamics: CPV & BAU Baryon Asymmetry of Universe (everyone can feel ElectroMagnetism: Charge e is Real. “We” Understand: Gauge Charge is Real. Imagine a Complex Coupling : True, or, Possible, for Yukawa (湯川) Coupling of quarks/leptons to Higgs boson(s)... Quantum InterferenceinAmplitudeMore Interesting How CP Violation Appears

17. (1966) CPV & BAU (& U): The Sakharov View • Baryon Number V iolation • CP Violation(“Direction”) • Nonequilibrium (“Direction”) 10-9 Matter left! Bang Us Pair Annihilation (  Cosmic Microwave Background ) Equal Matter -Antimatter

18. Complex Dynamics VCKM 3x3 “Rotation” Unitary Need presence of all 3 generations to exhibit CPV in Standard Model

19. Wolfenstein Parametrization to O(5) Unique CPV Phase: Common Area of Triangle N.B. geometric picture

20. CPV Phase Most Intuitive: “Direct” CPVin B → Kp DCPV Interference Penguin Tree N.B. Would need also CP Conserving Phase Differenced

22. CP Violation History Mixing(-dep.) Direct K: 1964 1999 0.0004% 0.2% B: 2001 2004 70% 10%

23. Kobayashi’s Nobel slides 51

24. Jarlskog’s Invariant for CPV CPVso far only observed in KM ... • Nontrivial CPV Phase • Nontrivial • All like-charge quark pairs nondegenerate, • Otherwise  Back to 2-gen. and CPV vanish. 52

25. Kobayashi’s Nobel slides Jseems short of the Universe by at least 10-10 53

26. CPV & BAU definitely a H.E. Frontier

27. II. CPV in b  sw/ Boxes and Penguins The Current Frontier tm Echoes DS; DAKp;sin2FBs; [ACP(B+  J/yK+)]

28. DSProblem?

29. B0 M12 B0 t-dep. CPV (TCPV) Primer CPV in Mixing-Decay Interference B A M12 Ā A: Decay Amplitude B M12 : Mixing Amplitude CP conserv. B0 B0Oscillations: eiDmt Interference of Two Types of Phases

30. CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase CP Violation Primer AntiParticle Process Particle Process d2 =Dmt f2 = argVtd TCPV:

31. Measure : 1 TCPV Asymmetry Carter-Sanda; Bigi-Sanda A = - C for BaBar :Mass Difference : CP Eigenvalue of final state f : state at time Dt from at Dt = 0 DCPV CPV Phase in Mixing

32. Purpose of B Factory Measure sin2f1/b via TCPV in B → J/yKS

33. Belle B0 or B0 The $1B Question: Mixing-dep. CPV in B→J/yKS B decays in ~ picosecond One B Decay Tag Flavor Other B Decay CP Eigenstate Measure Both Decay Vertex J/yKS, p+p-, h’KS, fKS, KSp0 2001 ! Dz Dt

34. The Two B Factories Tim Gershon Mt. Tsukuba KEKB PEP-II BaBar Belle Tag Flavor Differ only in PID DIRC vs Aerogel Cherenkov + ToF

35. Belle B0 or B0 The $1B Question: Mixing-dep. CPV in B→J/yKS B decays in ~ picosecond One B Decay Tag Flavor Other B Decay CP Eigenstate Measure Both Decay Vertex J/yKS, p+p-, h’KS, fKS, KSp0 2001 ! Dz Dt

36. SM (KM) Prediction SfKS= sin2f1 b b  sPenguins (Vertex Loops) Real ~ J/yKS(Tree) Possible SUSY FCNC/CPV Loop Can Break Equality

37. b  sqq Penguin CPV - Belle @LP03 (140 fb-1) [PRL 91, 261602 (2003)] B0fKs B0 J/yKsetc Different !! sin2f1=0.728  0.06 “sin2f1”= -0.96  0.51 3.5s deviation from the SM ! ICHEP 2004, Beijing

38. 274M BB S = 0.736 fit B0f K0 : CPV Result f K0 Good tags Poor tags Effect of 2003 “Disappeared” by 2004 !! Good tags fKS+fKL:S(fK0) = +0.06 0.330.09 A(fK0) = +0.080.220.09 ~2.2s away from SM ICHEP 2004, Beijing

39. Smaller than bgccs in almost all modes Theory Expect sin2f1 > sin2f1 s-penguin cc(bar)s DS = Ssqq- Sccs< 0 “Problem” DS = Ssqq- Sccs< 0 “Problem” Need Super B Factory to Resolve! Naïve average of all b g s modes sin2beff = 0.56 ± 0.05 2.1s deviation (was 2.6)btwn b g sqq and b g ccs New Physics !? 2008:NoRealEffect! Even deviation of ~ few deg indicate NP Need More Data ! Sinha, Misra, WSH, PRL 97, 131802 (2006)

40. Belle B0 or B0 The $1B Question: Mixing-dep. CPV in B→J/yKS B decays in ~ picosecond One B Decay Tag Flavor Other B Decay CP Eigenstate Measure Both Decay Vertex J/yKS, p+p-, h’KS, fKS, KSp0 2001 ! Lack of Vertex in LHCb Dz Dt

41. DAKpProblem?

42. Acp on B → Kp DAKp Problem Experiment is Firm Belle +0.007 Acp = -0.107±0.018 -0.093±0.018±0.008 -0.086±0.023±0.009 -0.004 Direct CPV established in B system (2004) !  World Average including CLEO: Acp(K+p-) = -0.097±0.012  Acp(K+p0) = +0.047±0.026  DA(Kp) = 0.144 ± 0.029 @5s  Need to explain the deviation. Hadronic effect or new physics?  A(K0p0) = -0.12±0.11; S(K0p0) = +0.33±0.21  Super B factory! P. Chang 6

43. CPV Phase Most Intuitive: “Direct” CPVin B → Kp in decay DCPV ∃ Can not take as BSM indication Interference Penguin Tree N.B. Would need also CP Conserving Phase Differenced “hadronic” TH: QCDF ad hoc “model” (“S4”) or fit SCET parameter fit by “framework” PQCD predicted size and sign a priori Keum

44. In general cannot take as BSM indication

45. Belle 2008 Nature: Simple Bean Count DAKp =AK+p0-AK+p-=+0.1640.037 4.4s +0.070.03vs-0.0940.020 b → s CPV Difference Is Large ! Difference in Direct CPV in B → Kp And Established Belle + BaBar (+ CDF) > 5s But NOT PREDICTED.

46. +0.0500.025 -0.0970.012 CPV Phase ? Interference Penguin Tree World = +0.1470.028> 5s Experiment is Firm Difference is Large! Why aPuzzle ? DAKp~ 0 expected subleading f3 d phase

47. +0.0500.025 -0.0970.012 CPV Phase ? CEW Penguin Interference Penguin Tree World = +0.1470.028> 5s Experiment is Firm Difference is Large! Why aPuzzle ? DAKp~ 0 expected subleading f3 d phase

48. +0.0500.025 -0.0970.012 ? A lot of (hadronic) finesse CEW Penguin World = +0.1470.028> 5s Experiment is Firm Difference is Large! Why aPuzzle ? DAKp~ 0 expected subleading Large C ? Baek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007)

49. QCDF