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Determining If an Unknown Metal is Vanadium Through a Comparison of Intensive Properties

Determining If an Unknown Metal is Vanadium Through a Comparison of Intensive Properties. By Ben Sikorski – Lake Shore And Kristian Wilks – Lake Shore. http://www.gmem.biz/vanadium.html. Overview. Background Purpose Hypothesis Procedures Data. Conclusion Errors

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Determining If an Unknown Metal is Vanadium Through a Comparison of Intensive Properties

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  1. Determining If an Unknown Metal is Vanadium Through a Comparison of Intensive Properties By Ben Sikorski – Lake Shore And KristianWilks – Lake Shore http://www.gmem.biz/vanadium.html

  2. Overview • Background • Purpose • Hypothesis • Procedures • Data • Conclusion • Errors • Applications/Further Research • Acknowledgements • Sources Sikorski -- Wilks

  3. Background Science Thermodynamics: the branch of chemistry that deals with work, heat, and energy on a system 1st Law of Thermodynamics: energy is neither created nor destroyed, just transferred Sikorski -- Wilks

  4. Background Science Kinetic Molecular Theory: • Increase in temperature = increase in movement speed of molecules • Energy between molecules/atoms is transferred when they collide so no energy is lost Sikorski -- Wilks

  5. Background Science Sikorski -- Wilks

  6. Background Science mm/°C wererewerweerwerwerwerwererwerewrererwr Sikorski -- Wilks

  7. Background Sikorski -- Wilks

  8. Background Vanadium Extraction Reaction: Vanadium Ore + Na2CO3 + Heat (850 °C)  NaVO3 NaVO3 + H2O  V2O5 V2O5 + Ca  V Sikorski -- Wilks

  9. Background Vanadium Electron Configuration: • 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s23d3 • 5 valence electrons in 4s2 and 3d3 subshells • Close to having 8 valence electrons so a large amount of energy is required to remove electrons Sikorski -- Wilks

  10. Background • Uses of Vanadium • Ferrovanadium (steel/Vanadium alloy) • Jet Engines • Rocket Thrusters • Car Axles • Cutting Tools http://www.mycleansky.com/greenhouse.php http://ls1tech.com/forums/gen-5-camaro-drivetrain-tech/1530261-dss-working-new-1000hp-axles-2010-2012-camaro.html http://home.comcast.net/~alloy-artifacts/craftsman-early-tools-p4.html http://www.flickr.com/photos/7698273@N08/444608693/ Sikorski -- Wilks

  11. Purpose • Problem Statement • To Determine if the unknown metal is Vanadium or not using… • Specific Heat • Linear Thermal Expansion Sikorski -- Wilks

  12. Hypothesis Sikorski -- Wilks

  13. Specific Heat Materials Sikorski -- Wilks

  14. Specific Heat Procedures Sikorski -- Wilks

  15. Data – Specific Heat Known Metal Normal Probability Plot Unknown Metal Normal Probability Plot Sikorski -- Wilks

  16. Data – Specific Heat • Unknown Metal • Average Specific Heat Calculated: 0.400 J/g* °C • Average Percent Error: 17.554% Sikorski -- Wilks

  17. Data – Specific Heat • Known Metal • Average Specific Heat Calculated: 0.377 J/g* °C • Average Percent Error: 22.315% Sikorski -- Wilks

  18. Data – Specific Heat Sikorski -- Wilks

  19. Data – SH t Test • Compares means of two independent populations • Assumptions • Data is normally distributed • Standard deviation is known • Adequate sample size Sikorski -- Wilks

  20. Data – SH t Test Sikorski -- Wilks

  21. Data – SH t Test • Two Sample T-Test • T-value= -3.2464 • Means 3.2464 deviations below the mean • P-value= 0.0040 • Below the accepted 0.5 alpha level • Means that there is only a 0.4% chance of receiving this data if the unknown metal was Vanadium Sikorski -- Wilks

  22. LTE Materials Sikorski -- Wilks

  23. LTE Procedures Sikorski -- Wilks

  24. Data – Thermal Expansion Unknown Metal Normal Probability Plot Unknown Metal Normal Probability Plot Sikorski -- Wilks

  25. Data – Thermal Expansion Sikorski -- Wilks

  26. Data – Thermal Expansion Sikorski -- Wilks

  27. Data – Thermal Expansion Sikorski -- Wilks

  28. Data – LTE t Test • Compares means of two independent populations • Assumptions • Data is normally distributed • Standard deviation is known • Adequate sample size Sikorski -- Wilks

  29. Data – LTE t Test Sikorski -- Wilks

  30. Data – LTE t Test • Two Sample T-Test • T-value= -2.7301 • 2.7301 deviations below the mean • P-value= 0.0149 • Below accepted 0.5 alpha value • Means that there would only be a 1.49% chance of getting data like this if the unknown metal was Vanadium Sikorski -- Wilks

  31. Conclusion - Problem • The Plan • Determine if unknown metal was Vanadium or not by… • Determining Specific Heat of both of the metals • Determining the Linear Thermal Expansion of both of the metals Sikorski -- Wilks

  32. Conclusion - Hypothesis Sikorski -- Wilks

  33. Conclusion - Decision • We REJECTED our hypothesis that the unknown metal was Vanadium • T-Tests • P-values of 0.0149 and 0.0040 for specific heat and linear thermal expansion respectively • Percent error differences were 4.761% and 11.762% for specific heat and linear thermal expansion respectively Sikorski -- Wilks

  34. Errors • Procedural Errors • Metal was dropped in some trials • Metal was exposed in some trials • Heat loss during transfer • Water mass was measured using a graduated cylinder Sikorski -- Wilks

  35. Errors • Material Errors • Heat loss from top of calorimeters • Possible malfunctions in: • Calipers • Electronic Scale • Thermometers/Temperature Probes Sikorski -- Wilks

  36. Applications • What can we do with this? • Use these tests to identify if a metal is Vanadium or not in industries • Prevents wrong metal from being used • Saves money • Lets workers know what they are working with Sikorski -- Wilks

  37. Further Research • What else can we do? • Test other intensive properties such as • Hardness • Using a hardened steel ball indenter • Melting Point • Using a mortar and pestle (metal to a powder) Sikorski -- Wilks

  38. Acknowledgements We would like to thank: • Mrs. Hilliard • Mrs. Cybulski • Mrs. Dewey Sikorski -- Wilks

  39. Sources • http://www.gmem.biz/vanadium.html • http://www.mycleansky.com/greenhouse.php • http://home.comcast.net/~alloy-artifacts/craftsman-early-tools-p4.html • http://ls1tech.com/forums/gen-5-camaro-drivetrain-tech/1530261-dss-working-new-1000hp-axles-2010-2012-camaro.html • http://www.flickr.com/photos/7698273@N08/444608693/ Sikorski -- Wilks

  40. Questions?¿Uds. tienen preguntas? Sikorski -- Wilks

  41. The End :D Sikorski -- Wilks

  42. Alright, Time to Close the PowerPoint! Sikorski -- Wilks

  43. Seriously, Stop Pressing the Clicker Before the Black Screen of Death Comes Up. Sikorski -- Wilks

  44. WHAT IS WRONG WITH YOU?! I SAID STOP HITTING THE CLICKER! Sikorski -- Wilks

  45. -_- You Really Made it to This Slide? That’s Really Sad… Sikorski -- Wilks

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