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Understanding Cellular Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic Processes

Cellular respiration is a vital biochemical process that converts food molecules, primarily glucose, into usable energy in the form of ATP. This process can occur in two main forms: aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen and produces up to 36 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, and anaerobic respiration, which occurs without oxygen and yields only 2 ATP molecules. Anaerobic respiration includes lactic acid fermentation, causing muscle fatigue, and alcoholic fermentation, utilized in alcohol production. Both processes play crucial roles in energy metabolism in cells.

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Understanding Cellular Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic Processes

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  1. Cellular Respiration Energy For Cells

  2. Cellular Respiration • Energy is released by breaking the bonds of food molecules (such as glucose) to make ATP from ADP • ADP = adenosine diphosphate • ADP + Pi ATP • 2 types • aerobic respiration • anaerobic respiration

  3. Aerobic Respiration • respiration that requires oxygen • starts in the cytoplasm • glycolysis • moves to the mitochondria • Krebs Cycle • Electron Transport Chain

  4. Aerobic Respiration

  5. Aerobic Respiration • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O • 38 ATP are produced per molecule of glucose • 2 ATP are used, so net ATP is 36 • Some energy is lost as heat, so the actual number will be lower • exergonic reaction – energy is released

  6. Anaerobic Respiration • takes place in the absence of oxygen • Fewer ATP are produced – net ATP is 2 • 2 types • Lactic acid fermentation • Alcoholic fermentation

  7. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Enzymes break down a glucose molecule into two lactic acid molecules, transferring energy to ATP • C6H12O6 + 4ADP + 4Pi lactic acid + 4ATP • This process causes the pain in muscle fatigue

  8. Lactic Acid Fermentation

  9. Alcoholic Fermentation • Enzymes break down a glucose molecule into two molecules of ethanol and two molecules of CO2, transferring energy to ATP • C6H12O6 + 4ADP + 4Pi 2 ethanol + 2 CO2 + 4ATP • This process is used… • to produce alcohol • in gasoline additives • baking

  10. Alcoholic Fermentation

  11. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration

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