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World War I

World War I. Treaty of Versailles. America in the War. Duration- Impact- Doughboys- Major Battles- Summer 1918- Chateau Thierry Belleau Wood Meuse- Argonne Offensive. Results of WWI. Death 10 million dead, 21 million wounded Wiped out a “generation” Destruction

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World War I

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  1. World War I Treaty of Versailles

  2. America in the War • Duration- • Impact- • Doughboys- • Major Battles- • Summer 1918- • Chateau Thierry • Belleau Wood • Meuse- Argonne Offensive

  3. Results of WWI • Death • 10 million dead, 21 million wounded • Wiped out a “generation” • Destruction • Loss of agriculture and industry • Debt • Taxes increased to pay cost of war/ trade down, so tariffs rise • Economic hardship for Germany… political chaos • Despair • Insecurity and loss of ideals • Democracy/ Dictatorships • US as world power • Many new countries in Europe

  4. Fourteen Points • Wilson’s peace plan • Deal with causes and achieve peace • No one blamed, no one held responsible • No secret treaties • Freedom of the seas • Reduction of arms (consistent with security) • Recognize colonial rights – self determination • Break up Austria Hungary– self determination • Polish Corridor • League of Nations for collective security

  5. Armistice Day • Date: • Germans accept believing 14 Points would be the basis for the peace

  6. Paris Peace Conference • January, 1919- May, 1919 at Versailles • Big Four • Wilson- first president to Europe • Brought little staff, no Secretary of State • Did most of the negotiating • Got sick (Spanish Flu) and yielded to Clemenceau • George Clemenceau- France • David Lloyd-George- Britain • Vitorio Orlando- Italy

  7. Paris Peace Conference • Issues • Wilson- 14 Points • Will do anything to keep the LofN • Allies- REVENGE • Punish Germany • National security • Buffer states • Arms reductions • Reparations • Colonies/ territories • Stop communism

  8. Paris Peace Conference • Losers: • Not invited • Treated like a defeated enemy • Treated like they started it

  9. Treaty of Versailles • A victor’s peace • Hall of Mirrors • Germany • 1. Territories • 2. Military • 3. Reparations • 4. War Guilt • Discontent with Treaty…

  10. Ratification Problems • 1918 Midterms: • Failure to consult senators • Henry Cabot Lodge- Chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee • Failure to est. bipartisan peace delegation • Seems one sided • Failure to accept compromises and amendments • Reservationists oppose the League of Nations and want the treaty amended • Stay out of world affairs; worried about European influence if we join • War powers, military strength, expense of League actions • Failure of Wilson’s health • Stroke • Failure to ratify the Treaty/ US doesn’t join LofN • Can’t get the 2/3 needed to ratify

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