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Understanding Operating Systems: Services, Functions, and Types

An operating system (OS) is a vital software component that manages system resources and provides essential services such as thread management, I/O operations, file system support, error detection, resource allocation, accounting, security, and networking. Users interact with the OS through icons, command lines, and programming languages. This article explores how an OS delivers these services, the types of operating systems (including mainframe, personal computers, and embedded systems), and highlights the diversity of actual operating systems available today.

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Understanding Operating Systems: Services, Functions, and Types

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  1. TDC 311 Introduction to Operating Systems

  2. What is an Operating System? • It is a provider of services • What kind of services? • Creation, support, and termination of threads • Operation of all I/O functions • Support of the file system • Detecting process and system errors and making corrections • Allocating system resources such as memory, the processor, and I/O devices • Support of all accounting functions • Support security operations • Support of network operations

  3. How Does an OS Offer These Services? • You click on an icon • You type a command line prompt ping 138.54.101.1 • You submit a batch job with appropriate JCL // JOB ID=1234,T=3s // EXEC PGM=QSAMCOPY // DD SYSINPUT=RER123.56 // DD SYSOUT=DISK3

  4. How Does an OS Offer These Services? • From within a higher level language application, you call on an OS function seekp( loc_address, ios::beg); write( &Taken,1); no_records++; $create_proc(&Param1, &Param2, 0, 0);

  5. How Does an OS Offer These Services? • From within a lower level language application, you call a macro or subroutine NEXT C 6,FULWD BE EQ $CREPROC XVAL,YVAL,0,0 • A currently existing OS function calls on another OS function

  6. Types of Operating Systems • Mainframe (IBM VM/ESA for IBM 390 systems, Unix, Linux) • Personal computers (Windows, MAC OS, Unix, Linux) • Local area networks (Windows, Unix, Linux) • Distributed systems (Amoeba) • Real-time • Embedded • Palm-based systems • PDAs • Cellphones

  7. Actual Operating Systems • Think there is only a couple operating systems out there? • Think again • Look at http://tunes.org/Review/OSes.html

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