EOI Review

1. EOI Review

2. Chromosomes • Karyotype • No, there is an extra chromosome on #21 • What is this a picture of? 2. What is this picture called? • 3. Is this a normal picture?

3. 7. Sinornis 8. Light bones, 3 –toed foot, wishbone, down feathers, feathers with shaft, veins, and barbs

4. Species • Kingdom • Order • species, • K, P, C, O • Genus • Animalia, chordata • amphibia • Which taxon includes the most specific characteristics? • Which taxon includes the broadest characteristics? • Which taxon includes the most species, an order or a family? • Which taxon includes only organisms that successfully interbreed? • If 2 organisms belong to the same family, what other taxonomic groups do the organisms have in common? • Most closely related? • To which do all 4 belong? • Which class does not include animals that have hair/fur?

5. Tuna and dog—more letters in common • Wheat—more letters in common

6. Directional Stabilizing disruptive

7. 8. You are performing an experiment to determine whether warm groundwater flows faster than cold groundwater. Almost all of your data indicate that they flow at the same rate. However, during one trial, you find data that suggest that warm water flows much faster than cold water. What should you do? A. Report this data B. Redo the experiment C. Throw out this data D. Change your hypothesis

8. 10. Hypothesis: The solubility of sugar in water increases as the temperature of the water decreases. Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable that you would use to test this hypothesis. A. dependent variable: volume of water independent variable: water temperature B. dependent variable: water temperature independent variable: amount of dissolved sugar C. dependent variable: amount of dissolved sugar independent variable: water temperature D. dependent variable: amount of dissolved sugar independent variable: mineral content of water

9. 16. You are studying organisms in an artificial environment. The environment is constantly changing and is unpredictable. What is most likely your hypothesis for this experiment? a. The organisms will experience rapid reproduction and a short life span in this environment. b. The organisms will experience rapid reproduction and a long life span in this environment. c. The organisms will experience slow reproduction and a short life span in this environment. d. The organisms will experience slow reproduction and a long life span in this environment.

10. 29. A hypothesis that is not supported by the data that has been collected and analyzed A. is known as an inaccurate forecast. B. often predicts a different observation. C. is rejected. D. None of the above

11. Table: Gill Cover Movements at Different Water Temperatures • Which hypothesis can be supported by the results of the experiment? • Fish are healthier when they open their gills less often. • Water temperature is unrelated to the activity rate of fish. • Fish require more oxygen at warmer temperatures. • In warm water, fish would open their gills even faster.

12. 33. A researcher finds that her data do not support her hypothesis. What conclusion can she reach? A. The hypothesis is wrong. B. The data do not support the hypothesis. C. The data are incorrect. D. Her observations were biased.

13. 34. Based on the data, what can you conclude about the organism?

14. 36. From the observations listed below, you may conclude that: Observations • When a mosquito bites an infected person and then proceeds to bite a healthy person, the healthy person also becomes infected. 2. Once a person is infected, the disease may disappear; however, the symptom will reoccur periodically without the person being rebitten. A. a disease is spread by mosquitoes B. a disease is spread by mosquitoes but caused by a virus C. the mosquito is the cause of a disease D. a disease is spread by mosquitoes but caused by a bacteria

15. 16. Male bowerbirds build and decorate bowers, which are structures used for courtship and mating. Each species of bowerbird builds a unique type of bower. A researcher raised a male bowerbird in isolation from all other birds. During this time, he observed that the bird built bowers like those of his own species. What would most likely happen if a male bowerbird were raised with bowerbirds of different species? • It would not build any bowers • It would build bowers like those of its own species • It would build bowers like those of the species with which it was raised. • It would build bowers with features from both its own species and the species with which it was raised.

16. The fan diagram shows the relationships among different kingdoms and the evolutionary history of life. The center of the fan’s base represents the origin of life. The outer rim represents present-day life. The rays of the fan show the evolution of modern species from a common origin. Groups that are closely joined in the rays of the fan share common characteristics, while groups that are widely separated are not closely related. Based on the diagram, which species are most closely related? a. Amphibians and arthropods. b. Mammals and birds c. Worms and fungus d. Jellyfishes and starfishes

17. A married couple plans to have children. The wife has blue eyes (bb), and her husband has brown eyes (Bb). The husband’s mother had blue eyes. What percentage of their children could they predict will have blue eyes? A. 25 percent B. 50 percent C. 75 percent D. 100 percent

18. 1. 2. 3. 4. Based on the partial pedigree above that shows a family with a genetic disorder, this trait is A. dominant. B. recessive. C. carried on the Y chromosome. D. There is not enough information to answer this question.

19. After DNA testing, Jade determines that 10,000 blue butterflies and three green butterflies actually belong to the same species. What can she conclude? A. The butterfly species is blue. B. The butterfly species can be green. C. The green butterflies are a subspecies of the blue butterflies. D. The green butterflies are a different species.

20. Which of the following statements is BEST supported by the data in the above table? A. Earthworms have similar frequencies in these soil types. B. Earthworms were most often found in the loamy soil habitat. C. Earthworms are suffocated by clay soils. D. Earthworms search for moisture in sand and loamy soil.

21. Juan observes that a potted plant on his desk is bending towards the nearest window. Which hypothesis would be best for Juan to investigate the reason the plant is bending? a. If the plant is placed outside, then it will begin growing straight. b. If the plant is tied to a straight stick, then it will begin growing straight. c. If the plant has been given more fertilizer, then it would have grown straight. d. If the plant has been watered more when it was young, then it would have grown straight.

22. Anita is studying the factors that affect seed growth. She wants to test whether soaking seeds in water affects the sprouting process. Which should Anita measure to get the most useful results? • growth of 100 soaked seeds at a given temperature • growth of 100 regular seeds at different temperatures • growth of 50 soaked seeds and 50 regular seeds at a given temperature • growth of 50 soaked seeds and 50 regular seeds at different temperatures

23. A scientist wants to measure how much gas is released by a plant to estimate how fast it is photosynthesizing. Which measurement should the scientist take? • meters of carbon dioxide • milliliters of oxygen • grams of carbon dioxide • centimeters of oxygen

24. A biologist is studying a species of crab. He hypothesized that if a crab has large pincer claws, then it will have greater reproductive success. If his hypothesis is correct, which result would he most likely observe? a. The % of crabs with large pincers would increase b. The % of crabs with small pincers would increase c. The DNA in crabs with small pincers would mutate in order to produce large pincers d. Crabs born with small pincers would develop large pincers and pass this trait to their offspring.

30. Helper birds are young birds that delay reproduction and instead help their parents raise more offspring. A researcher hypothesized that if a bird is a helper, then it will have higher reproductive success than non-helper birds. The researcher observed many birds over the course of their lives. She found that helpers produced less offspring than non-helpers, but that those offspring were healthier and survived longer than offspring of non-helpers. Based on these results, what should the researcher do with the hypothesis? A accept, because helper birds had less offspring B reject, because non-helper birds had more offspring C accept, because helper birds had less healthy, shorter-lived offspring D reject, because non-helper birds had less healthy, shorter-lived offspring

31. Male bowerbirds build and decorate bowers, which are structures used for courtship and mating. Each species of bowerbirds builds a unique type of bower. A researcher raised a male bowerbird in isolation from all other birds. During this time, he observed that the bird built bowers like those of its own species. What would most likely happen if a male bowerbird were raised with bowerbirds of a different species? A it would not build any bowers B it would build bowers like those of its own species C it would build bowers like those of the species with which it was raised D it would build bowers with features from both its own species and the species with which it was raised

35. In a certain group of lab mice black fur is dominant and brown fur is recessive. If two heterozygous mice mate and produce 16 offspring, how many of the offspring will probably have brown fur? A 0 B 4 C 8 D 12

37. Robert is conducting breeding experiments with mice. He crossed two brown mice and found that 25% of their offspring were white. Which conclusion from this experiment is most logical? A White color is dominant over brown color B One of the parent mice is homozygous for the dominant allele C All of the offspring carry two copies of the recessive allele D The white offspring are homozygous for the recessive allele

43. A biology student wants to study how animal cells react when places in distilled water and in a salt solution. The student used the following procedure: 1) Place a small sample of cells on a microscope slide and place a cover slip over the sample. Add a few drops of distilled water under the cover slip. 2) Observe the cells in the distilled water solution under a microscope. 3) Place a small sample of cells on a microscope slide and place a cover slip over the sample. Add a few drops of 20% salt solution under the cover slip. 4) Observe the cells in the salt solution under a microscope. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? A the salt concentration B the number of cells in the sample C the type of animal that the cells come from D the movement of water across the cell membrane Which of these will most likely happen to the cells when they are placed in distilled water? A the cells will shrink and shrivel up B the cells will enlarge until they burst C the cell membrane will thicken D the cells will remain unchanged

44. The student observed that the cells in the 20% salt solution changed in size. Which of these best explains what is causing this change? A water from the solution is moving into the cells B water is moving out of the cells into the surrounding solution C salts from the solution are moving into the cells D salts are moving out of the cells into the surrounding solution

45. Joshua is studying the mating behavior of hanging flies. Female hanging flies typically require their male mates to bring them a gift, such as a moth to eat. Joshua raised a group of female and male hanging fly larvae in isolation from adult hanging flies. When these larvae became adults, the females also required a gift from their mates. Which explanation is the best for this behavior? A the behavior is acquired randomly B the behavior is learned through imprinting C the behavior is learned through experience D the behavior is inherited through genes