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Listening and Memory

Listening and Memory . Chapter 6: Day 1 - Listening. Are you listening to me?. Hearing refers to sensing spoken messages from their source Listening involves a complex process of communication Successful listening occurs when the listener understands the speaker’s intended message

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Listening and Memory

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  1. Listening and Memory Chapter 6: Day 1 - Listening

  2. Are you listening to me? • Hearing refers to sensing spoken messages from their source • Listening involves a complex process of communication • Successful listening occurs when the listener understands the speaker’s intended message • Poor listening may cause communication breakdowns, while skilled listening promotes progress and change

  3. Stages of Listening

  4. Stage 1: Sensation • The Sensation Stage: Your ears pick up sound waves and transmit them to your brain (also known as hearing) Example: You hear Ms. Torno say, “You will have 10% docked from your grade for each day that your exam is turned in late.”

  5. Stage 2: Interpretation • The Interpretation Stage: Listeners attach meaning to a message. • Understanding what is being said and relating it to what you already know Example: You relate Ms. Torno’s message to your knowledge of the test, whether you turned in it yet, and what barriers you may have for turning it in on time.

  6. Stage 3: Evaluation • The Evaluation Stage: Decide how you feel about the message • Evaluate the message as it relates to your values and needs. If it doesn’t, you may reject it or stop listening, or argue in your mind with the speaker. • Empathy occurs during this stage as you think about what the speaker is saying from his/her position rather than your own. Example: If you need to turn in the exam, but you have work this week and classwork to make-up in other courses, then you may evaluate the message as unsatisfactory.

  7. Stage 4: Reaction • The Reaction Stage: The final stage of listening is a reaction to the message in the form of direct feedback • This often comes in the form of questions and comments Example: You may ask Ms. Torno for an extension on your exam due to outside conflicts.

  8. Manage Listening Challenges • Divided Attention and Distractions • Shutting Out the Message • The Rush to Judgment • Partial Hearing Loss and Learning Disabilities *Studies have shown that immediately after listening, students are likely to recall (remember) only half of what was said.

  9. Divided Attention and Distractions • Internal Distractions – include anything from hunger to headache to personal worries. Something the speaker says may also trigger a recollection that may cause your mind to drift. • You will listen better if you are relaxed, comfortable and awake (get enough sleep, eat enough to avoid hunger pains, save worrying about personal problems for time outside of class). • External Distractions – include noises and excessive heat or cold. • Your goal is to reduce distractions so you can concentrate (sit at the front of the class, avoid sitting next to chatty people, wear extra layers of clothes that you can put on or take off).

  10. Shutting Out the Message • Instructors cannot force you to listen – this is YOUR responsibility • It is easy to tune out when the subject matter is boring or difficult • You may also fall into the trap of only focusing on one specific point and shutting out the rest of the message • Remind yourself: What the instructor is saying is important and valuable even if it is not obvious or in the textbook! • Instructors often present material that is not in the textbook, but that may appear on the exam • If you experience a listening lapse, it is best to refocus immediately instead of worrying about what you may have missed

  11. The Rush to Judgment • Effective listening depends on being open-minded, refraining from judgment, and taking time afterwards to think critically about what you have heard • Activating the habit of mind of listening with understanding and empathy will help lessen the tendency to pass judgment

  12. The Rush to Judgment • It is easy to tune out of a message when you hear something you don’t like or when you don’t like the person who is speaking • Your focus will quickly turn to personal reactions and away from the message • An important part of your education involves critical thinking to evaluate other points of view (even those different from your own!). Be open to the possibility that your instructor or peers may say something to change your mind. • You do not have to like every instructor! However, you need to listen respectfully and with an open mind.

  13. Partial Hearing Loss and Learning Disabilities • Hearing Loss (seek out special services, including tutoring and equipment that will help you listen in class) • Attention to processing spoken language • Attention deficit disorder (ADD) *If you have a disability that creates a listening challenge, seek help through the services available at your college!

  14. Class Activity • Turn to page 184 • Read the “Reflect and Respond” box • Discuss the questions and your responses with a peer

  15. Active Listener • Effective Listening – an active process that involves: • Being present in class • Setting a listening purpose • Focusing on understanding • Asking questions • Paying attention to verbal signposts • Know what helps and hinders listening. *Understand, organize, and digest the material!

  16. Be There! • Be on time to class! Preferably, you should be there a few minutes before class is scheduled to start. • Instructors often make important announcements during the first few minutes of class • Your attendance is one of the most important keys to being a successful student

  17. Set Purposes for Listening • Establish what you want to achieve through listening (example: understanding the material better) • Read assignments before class and review your notes from the previous class • This allows you to listen to the lecture successfully, helping you decide between material to take notes on and material that is less important • Make listening personal – How does the material relate to your goals and interests? • Learn from your classmates; listen with an open mind

  18. Focus on Understanding • Make sure you understand what you hear! • Do not take notes on everything • If you miss important material, leave holes in your notes and return later

  19. Ask Questions A willingness to ask questions shows a desire to learn and is the mark of an active listener.

  20. Pay Attention to Verbal Signposts • Verbal Signposts – words or phrases that call your attention to what you will hear next • Helps organize information, connect ideas, and indicate what is important and what is not • Examples: (more examples can be found on p. 188) • A key point to remember… • Specifically… • In contrast… • As a result… • Notice nonverbal speaking styles • Example: If your instructor looks at her notes before speaking, it is probably something important.

  21. Know What Helps and Hinders Listening Effective Listening is linked to positive attitude and specific skills. • With a positive attitude, you may learn something important and even grow to like the material *See examples on p. 188, Key 6.4

  22. HW Assignment #9 • Go to page 189 • Complete the “Take Action” • You may complete this in your book or type out your answers and email them to me ***DUE TOMORROW!***

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