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Unit 1 Introduction to World Cultures

Unit 1 Introduction to World Cultures. “To understand world cultures, it is important to see the connections between people and their environment.”. I. Geography. The study of where people, places, & things are located and how they relate to each other

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Unit 1 Introduction to World Cultures

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  1. Unit 1Introduction to World Cultures “To understand world cultures, it is important to see the connections between people and their environment.”

  2. I. Geography • The study of where people, places, & things are located and how they relate to each other • 5 basic themes to understand the link between people and the earth… • Location • Place • Interaction between People and Environment • Movement • Region

  3. 1. Location • Position on earth’s surface • Lines of latitude measure N & S of the Equator • Lines of longitude measure E & W of the Prime Meridian (Greenwich, England)

  4. 2. Place • Described by physical & humancharacteristics… • Physical characteristics include landforms, climate, soil & animal life • Human characteristics- ex. Activities, transportation, religion & language How would you describe Pittsburgh?

  5. 3. Interaction Between people & environment • People change the environment (“progress” but often with “Hidden Costs”) • Or people adapt

  6. 4. Movement (of people, goods, & Ideas) • Migration • Trade - Exports v. Imports • Ideas spread • Interdependence - dependence of countries on goods, resources & knowledge from other parts of the world

  7. 5. Region • Area with its own unifying characteristics (can be physical, cultural, political or economic)

  8. II. Tools of Geographers…MAPS! • Several different types of maps • Each has “pros” and “cons”

  9. There are special purpose maps that show a variety of information • POLITICAL MAPS

  10. PHYSICAL MAPS • Topography

  11. Vegetation

  12. Natural resources

  13. iii. The Major Landforms • Mountains- vary in elevation, 2000ft+ • Hills- raised land lower than mts. • Plains- large areas of flat or gently rolling land • Plateaus-large areas of high, flat or rolling land • Others… desert, straight, loess, cataract

  14. iv. Climate zones • Climate- average weather a place has over 20-30 yrs. • Effected by latitude and elevation • Can have a major effect on people’s lives. • Ex….

  15. v. Elements of culture Culture-all the things that make up a people’s entire way of life • Many misunderstandings between people around the world because we don’t know enough about each other and our culture. • Some examples: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haohj1sVnyk • US Military Blunder…COSTLY! http://india.nydailynews.com/newsarticle/503d02aaee412b2f3c000001/pentagon-finds-soldiers-burned-more-than-100-korans • Cultureand a Super Bowl Ring??? http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/vladimir-putin-super-bowl-ring-russian-leader-accused-19418335

  16. GOVERNMENT • RELIGION • ECONOMY • EDUCATION • FAMILY

  17. a. Government • Forms of Government • People form governments to provide for their common needs • Types: • Democracy • Republic • Dictatorship • Revolutionary • Totalitarian • Oligarchy • Theocracy • Monarchy • Anarchy • Parliamentary • Presidential

  18. b. Religion • Types of Religions: • Monotheism • Polytheism • Major world religions: • Judaism • Christianity • Islam • Hinduism • Buddhism

  19. c. economics • Economic Systems • Four types: • Traditional: people produce what they need to survive, they produce the same thing in the same ways as generations before • Market: individuals decide what is produced, how it is produced, and who uses the product • Command: government controls the economy… what and how thing are made and who uses them ___________________________________________________ • Mixed: Individuals make some economic decisions, the government makes others

  20. d. education World Languages, CIA World Fact Book - https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html • Through education people learn … • Language – important for communication and passing on traditions and beliefs • Arts & Literature- teach about a culture’s values and promote cultural unity and pride

  21. e. family • Family is the most impt. unit of social org. • Nuclear family- husband, wife, children • Extended family- several generations in one household • Respect for elders for elders is usually strong in extended families • Patrilineal-children belong to father’s side of family • Matrilineal-children belong to mother’s side of family • Bilateral- ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Types of marriages • Monogamy • Polygamy • Polygyny • Polyandry • VIDEO-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4yjrDSvze0

  22. Social classes • Another unit of social organization • Ranks people in order of status • What can social class be based on? • Money • Occupation • Education • Race • Etc. • Open Class Systems vs. Closed Class System

  23. Depictions of different Class Systems:

  24. Other Cultural Terms… • Norm- that which is standard in society • Ex.- eating 3xs/day, going to school, bathing daily, using a phone, using electricity • Folkways- sometimes known as “conventions” or “customs,” are standards of behavior that are socially approved but not morally significant • Mores- norms of morality • Taboos- culture absolutely forbids them

  25. Ways cultures change… • Technology- Inventions • Environment Changes • New Ideas- Social changes • Diffusion:movement of customs and ideas from one place to another (and adaptation)

  26. DIFFUSIONis aN example of what Theme of Geography? movement!!!!

  27. Be careful of… • Ethnocentrism:judging other cultures by the standards of your own • Assuming your own culture to be the best • Stereotyping • Racism:belief that one racial group is naturally superior to another • Race is a cultural thing. It does not actually, physically exist • Frame of Reference

  28. What is the message of this cartoon? Use as many key words from your notes as possible.

  29. How it all started… • First people lived more than 2 mil years ago in Eastern Africa • “Stone Age” • Chipped rocks to shape tools & weapons • Controlled fire • Developed language • Nomads

  30. Agricultural Revolution • About 10,000 yrs. Ago • 2 Major ADVANCES: • Farm • Domesticate animals • Where: • Tigris-Euphrates River in Modern-day Iraq • Southeast Asia? • Results: • Tied to the earth • Permanent communities • Could support more people

  31. First civilizations • All had: • Governments • Religions • Specialized skills and jobs • Social classes • Record keeping

  32. Changing world powers • The Muslim World Expands • 1300–1700 • A group of Turks called Ottomansset up a new empire in what is now modern Turkey. Farther to the east, the Safavidsarose in modern Iran, where rulers embraced a special type of Islam that made them different from their neighbors. Meanwhile, Indiasaw the rise of the Mughal Empire as Muslims created a powerful state there.

  33. African Kingdoms • Mali • Mansa Musa • Timbuktu

  34. China • Mongols- nomads from Central Asia • Set up roads between china and the middle east- Silk Route • Paper, gunpowder

  35. Europe • Much less developed at this time • …but this begins to change. • 1300s-1650s • Adopted foreign technologies • Built on ancient learning • Expands overseas Emergence of Europe

  36. 1700s-1900s • Industrial Revolution • Second Agricultural Revolution • Imperialism • Westernization • Cold War

  37. As the “West” became dominant, less developed countries became dependent on Europe & the U.S. • Scars of IMPERIALISM: • Economicand Politicalinstability

  38. So,DEVELOPMENTmust be the key, right??? • Technological Revolution • Since WWII and even more so since the 70s. So many changes in technology…REVOLUTION! • Like industrial revolution- major effect on lives & societies. • Communication, Transportation & Space • What technological advancements have been made in this arena? • What have the effects of this been? • How is MOVEMENT involved here?

  39. Healthcare • What technological advancements have been made in this arena? • What have the effects of this been? • How is INTERACTION involved here?

  40. Agriculture • What technological advancements have been made in this arena? • What have the effects of this been? • How is INTERACTION involved here?

  41. New Technology supports more people • Is this GOOD? • Or is this BAD?

  42. There are PROBLEMS associated with Development : • Population Explosion • Urbanization • Cultural Change

  43. Environmental challenges • “Silent Spring”- Rachel Carson • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_Njv5Ygg0g • Pesticides killed insects, but has domino effect on entire ecosystem & harms humans • Gave rise to ECOLOGY: • Dangers to environment have many sources: • Deforestation • Desertification • Chemical Wastes and disasters • Species loss- http://worldwildlife.org/species/directory?direction=desc&sort=extinction_status

  44. Sustainable Development • Sustainable Development

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