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The Ailing Estates General

The Ailing Estates General. Estates General-not called to meeting since 1614 First Estate: clergy Owns 10% land, social services Second Estate: nobility 2% Pop. But owns 20%, almost no taxes Third Estate: Commoners Middle Class-wealthy & educated, but no privileges Urban workers-poor

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The Ailing Estates General

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  1. The Ailing Estates General • Estates General-not called to meeting since 1614 • First Estate: clergy • Owns 10% land, social services • Second Estate: nobility • 2% Pop. But owns 20%, almost no taxes • Third Estate: Commoners • Middle Class-wealthy & educated, but no privileges • Urban workers-poor • Peasants-80% of pop. What problems do you see?

  2. Forces of Change • Enlightenment Ideas • American Rev. How did this change people’s ideas? • Questioning idea of social structure • Economic Problems • Heavy taxes on merchants • Cost of living increase • Bad harvests Which affects the most? • King Louis XVI & Marie • Palace of Versailles • Am. Rev. Why support? • “Madame Deficit”

  3. The National Assembly • Louis XVI needs $$$$$$ • Plans on taxing nobles • Nobles refuse-call Est. Gen. • How do the nobles plan to use the Estates General? • Third Estate-upset • Form National Assembly • Plan to pass laws & reforms in name of people • Tennis Court Oath • National Assembly locked out of meeting • Delegates use a tennis court & plan to stay until a constitution is written • Louis calls in the guards

  4. Storming the Bastille • What do you think the people were thinking? • Rumors circulated in Paris • Afraid of force by Louis • Attacked the Bastille • Was a prison • Looking for gunpowder • MC & workers controlled Paris • The Great Fear • Peasants destroyed, looted nobles houses Why? • Parisian women raided Palace of Versailles for bread

  5. Enlightenment in Action • National Assembly Reforms • Inspired by Dec. of Ind. Constitution What parts? • “Liberty, Equality & Fraternity” • Not applied to Everyone • State-Controlled Church • Took over lands • Clergy now worked for state • Why the changes? • Peasants despised changes • Louis XVI tries to escape • Many had already left • Why going to Netherlands? • How does this look to the people of France?

  6. Disagreements • French Constitution • Limited Monarchy • Still enforced the laws • Legislative Assembly • Create laws, declare war • Factions in the Assembly • Issues: No food & debts • Radicals, Moderates & Conservatives • How did they affect today’s politics? • Factions in France • Emigres-nobles & royalists • What do they want to do? • Sans-culottes-workers • Wanted more change • How could they?

  7. The Jacobins • The Jacobins: Radical Reformers • Jean Paul Marat: death to all who support King-Why? • Tried Louis XVI for treason • Executed by guillotine • Reign of Terror • Robespierre: • Republic of Virtue • New calendar, closed churches • Committee of Public Safety • Protect Revolution from enemies • “Terror was virtuous” • 40,000 killed • Ended with Robespierre’s death • Why did they kill him?

  8. Protecting the Revolution! • Why would Austria & Prussia be concerned with beheading of Louis XIV? • Why does the Legislative Assembly go to War? • September Massacres • Prussians approaching Paris- • Citizens take law into own hands-killed 1,000 prisoners • How does this pressure the Legislative Assembly? • National Convention • Abolished Monarchy • Men right to Vote

  9. The War for the Revolution • National Convention • How to defeat Austrians & Prussians? • Won Battle of Valmy • Great Britain, Spain & Holland join against Fr. • Forced to draft soldiers • 800,000 had joined army • Why can they do this? • The Directory • People tired of the Terror, high food prices, war • Two house Legislature • 5 man executive body • Who did they find as a capable General?

  10. Rise of Napoleon • The Directory needs help • Royalists marching on Paris • Napoleon charged with stopping • Fires on crowd with cannons • Becomes instant hero • Why • Directory: Attack Austria • Napoleon wins series of battles-popularity soars • Coup d’Etat • Directory failing • Surrounded Convection with troops • Voted to Dissolve Directory • Napoleon now 1st Consul

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