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Gallipoli April 25 th , 1915

Gallipoli April 25 th , 1915. Churchill http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/gallipoli.htm Soft underbelly Ataturk ANZACs and debacle British promises of self-determination Kemal Attaturk and the Young Turks Turkism/ 1913 nationalism extended. Gallipoli .

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Gallipoli April 25 th , 1915

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  1. Gallipoli April 25th, 1915 • Churchill • http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/gallipoli.htm • Soft underbelly • Ataturk • ANZACs and debacle • British promises of self-determination • KemalAttaturk and the Young Turks • Turkism/ 1913 nationalism extended

  2. Gallipoli http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWgallipoli.htm

  3. Gallipoli http://www.rickard.karoo.net/Maps/Gallipoli1.gif

  4. Gallipoli • Feb 19, 1915 naval assault on Dardanelles under Admiral Carden; bombarded 12 of the 22 forts with little success on the 19th • Bad weather delays further attacks until Feb 25th • New shelling does better, still less than needed. • Turkish mobile batteries and minefields, plus bad shooting, older ships, and lack of heavy artillery hurts as well • Carden replaced on March 16th by Adm. John de Robeck

  5. April 23rd Allied Assault on Gallipoli

  6. Western Front

  7. Gallipoli

  8. Gallipoli

  9. Map • http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Ottoman.jpg • http://www.firstworldwar.com/photos/maps.htm

  10. Armenians • Christians (Ottoman and Russian) • History of problems • Uprisings in 1890, 1895 government suspected of wanting independence, as other Christians in the Balkans did • Armenia and Russian • Suspected of treason

  11. Genocide • 1915-1917 • Forced marches to the desert, expulsion, extermination, massacres, drowning, assaults, and incineration, starvation and exposure • http://www.teachgenocide.org/newsaccounts/index.htm • Historians say 1 million, Turkish gov 300,000

  12. Foreign Policy Problem today • Turkey threatens those who use the word “genocide” to describe the extermination attempt • Turkey claims “inadvertent and mutual” but will open no archives or areas of inquiry. • Mass outside documentation • US cravenness

  13. Stalemate broken • Verdun • Spring Offensives • Unrestricted submarine warfare • Zimmerman telegram • Tanks and action groups

  14. Russian Revolutions • Duma and the February Revolution • Bolsheviks and the trains running on time • October Revolutions • US involvement in the Russian Civil War • Bolshevik Triumph, “Socialism in One County” • Removal of Russia from War

  15. Germany breaks • Overthrow Kaiser • Breaks on the Western Front • Starvation and distant blockade wins

  16. Versailles and the seeds of WWII • Fourteen Points • Avalon • Britain and France as vicious and stupid • JFC Fuller, Liddell Hart, and the seeds of Blitzkrieg • Inflation and ruinous reparations • Seeds of the Arab –Israeli War, Asian revolutions

  17. Versailles Conference • France and Britain dictated the terms. America, Japan, and Italy were junior partners • France especially wanted secure borders, reparations, Alsace Lorraine, and vengeance. • Many colonists believe Wilson’s rhetoric about self-determination. Advocates for independence showed up, including Ho Chi Minh, later to become the architect of the 1946-1975 Vietnam rebellions. Having fought in the war and seen close up that the European powers were not morally or ethically superior, colonial peoples argued forcefully for independence. This was a serious threat to Britain and France.

  18. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6045182.stm • http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A884432 • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1132336.stm • Maps http://www.firstworldwar.com/photos/maps.htm

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