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THE STUDY OF SKIN

THE STUDY OF SKIN. This presentation was adapted to outline Chapter 15 of Pivot Point Cosmetology Fundamentals Textbook. Central Message. Healthy, glowing, attractive skin can be achieved through professional skin care, hair removal and makeup application. The Study of Skin. Learning Goals.

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THE STUDY OF SKIN

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  1. THE STUDY OF SKIN This presentation was adapted to outline Chapter 15 of Pivot Point Cosmetology Fundamentals Textbook

  2. Central Message Healthy, glowing, attractive skin can be achieved through professional skin care, hair removal and makeup application

  3. The Study of Skin Learning Goals Following this lesson on The Study of Skin, you will be able to: • Define the function, composition and types of skin • Identify disorders and diseases of the skin • Explain and demonstrate the steps and massage techniques used during a basic facial

  4. DID YOU KNOW? Skin is the largest organ of the body; it makes up approximately 7% of your body weight!

  5. The Study of Skin Advance Organizer SKIN THEORY • Functions of the Skin • Composition of the Skin • Types of Skin

  6. SKIN THEORY Key Terms Dermatology Subcutaneous Epidermis Melanin Dermis

  7. The Skin… SKIN THEORY Dermatology: the study of skin, its structure, functions, diseases and treatment • Largest organ of the body • Covers the entire body • Protects from invasion of outside particles

  8. FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN Six Basic Functions Sensation: Senses of heat, cold, pain and pressure Secretion: Secretes sebum that keeps skin soft, supple and pliable; prevents bacteria from invading the skin Absorption: Permits water and oxygen to pass through tissues Regulation: Helps maintain the body’s temperature Protection: Shields the body from impact of heat, cold, bacteria, and other environmental aspects Excretion: Eliminates sweat, salt and wastes from the body

  9. 3 Main Layers COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN • Epidermis: outermost layer of the skin • Dermis: underlying, or inner, layer of the skin • Subcutaneous: located below the dermis layer and is composed primarily of fatty tissue YouTube Video Link: How the Body Works - Skin <iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ezO-ZnRM8_M" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

  10. Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum StratumGranulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Germinativum COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Epidermis Epidermis: outermost layer of the skin; composed of 5 layers of cells with differing characteristics and no blood vessels

  11. Stratum Germinativum Keratinization: chemical conversion of living cells into dead protein cells Melanocytes: produce melanosomes containing melanin, which gives skin its color COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Epidermis • Skin cell growth occurs through mitosis or cell division • Keratinization of cells begins • Contains melanocytes

  12. COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Epidermis Stratum Spinosum • Includes cells that have absorbed melanin to distribute pigmentation to other cells • Become irregularly shaped and appear as spines between the cells

  13. COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Epidermis Stratum Granulosum Contains cells that look like many tiny granules on their way to the surface to replace cells that are shed

  14. The cells of this layer are called squamous cells due to their flat, scale-like appearance, thus making the skin thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of feet COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Epidermis Stratum Lucidum • Found only on the palms of hands and soles of feet, where there are no hair follicles • Contains cells that are more flattened and transparent

  15. COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Epidermis Stratum Corneum • Toughest layer of the epidermis • Composed of keratin proteins that shed continually and are replaced with new cells • Protects all lower layers of the skin

  16. The dermis contains... COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Dermis Dermis: (“True Skin” or Corium) underlying, or inner, layer of the skin; made up of connective tissues • Sudoriferous glands • Sebaceous glands • Sensory nerve endings and receptors • Blood vessels • Arrector pili muscles • Major portions of hair follicles

  17. 3 Major Functions Sudoriferous Gland COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Dermis Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands: consist of a coiled base and tube-like duct opening on the surface of the skin to form a sweat pore • Control and regulate body temperature • Excrete waste products • Help maintain acidic pH factor of skin

  18. Sebaceous Gland COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Dermis Sebaceous (Oil) Glands: sac-like glands attached to hair follicles that produce sebum • 2 to 3 times larger around facial hair follicles than around scalp follicles • Cause “oily skin” when an over-abundance of sebum is produced • Not found on the palms of hands or soles of feet

  19. COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Dermis • Sebum: complex secretion containing a high percentage of fatty, oily substances • Acid mantle: layer of oil and moisture on the surface of the skin • Keeps skin smooth • Prevents dirt and grime from entering the outer layer of the epidermis • Prevents skin from drying or chapping

  20. Subcutaneous Tissue COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Subcutaneous • Subcutaneous: fatty layer below the dermis that is a protective cushion for the skin • Acts as a shock absorber for bones • Supports delicate structures such as blood vessels and nerve endings • Gives contour and shape to body • Provides an emergency reservoir of food and water

  21. Subcutaneous Layer Contains... COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Subcutaneous Blood vessels that transport nourishment to skin and nerves Sense organs for touch, pressure and temperature Nerves that respond to pain

  22. Dark skin contains more melanin while light skin contains less melanin COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Skin Pigmentation Melanin is distributed throughout all epidermal cells and forms an effective barrier from the penetration of ultraviolet rays to deeper layers of the skin Melanin tans the skin to protect it from the burning rays of the sun

  23. SPF (Sun Protection Factor) Rating system that allows you to determine how long you can stay out in the sun without burning SPF 15 indicates you can be out in the sun 15 times longer than you could without any protection at all Chapter 15 The Study of Skin Skin Theory COMPOSITION OF THE SKIN Skin Pigmentation Sunscreen: product developed to help the skin from absorbing ultraviolet rays

  24. Four Basic Skin Types TYPES OF SKIN • Dry • Oily • Normal • Combination

  25. Oil Dry Skin lacks sebaceous activity Moisture Dry Skin lacks water TYPES OF SKIN 1. Dry • Signs such as peeling and flaking • Chaps easily • Fewer blemishes and not prone to acne • Treatment program is essential to supply moisture

  26. TYPES OF SKIN 2. Oily • All-over shiny look and/or rough texture with blackheads and enlarged pores • Oil appears in “T” zone, or the chin, nose, nasal-labial groove and forehead • Treatment program is important to keep oily skin in an “acid-balanced” condition

  27. TYPES OF SKIN 3. Normal • Very rare and quite beautiful • Fresh and healthy color, a firm, moist, and smooth texture, freedom from blackheads and blemishes, and does not appear oily • Simple but consistent skin care routine is required 4. Combination • Recognized by the shiny “T” zone and dryness in cheek, jaw line and hairline areas • Most specialized skin regimen is required

  28. Skin Theory Beyond the Book 85% of skin cancer cases are caused by excessive exposure to the sun

  29. SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS Next Lesson… Be familiar with skin disorders and diseases so you can recognize any problems that would prevent you from performing a skin care service

  30. SKIN THEORY Self-Check - On a sheet of paper numbered 1-4, answer the following questions. • The study of the skin’s structure, functions, diseases and treatments is called __________. • The three main layers of the skin are the __________, the __________ and the __________. • T or F Sebum tans skin to protect it fromthe burning rays • of the sun. • 4. What are the four types of skin?

  31. KNOW CHART As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect answers under the “I Need to Study” column. I Know: I Need to Study: 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4.

  32. SKIN THEORY Self-Check - Now it is time to check your answers. • The study of the skin’s structure, functions, diseases and treatments is called __________. • The three main layers of the skin are the __________, the __________ and the _____________. • T or F Sebum tans skin to protect it from the burning rays of the sun. • What are the four types of skin? • Dry Skin, Oily Skin, Normal Skin, Combination Skin dermatology epidermis dermis subcutaneous

  33. ________ • ________ • ________ SKIN THEORY Face the Facts Functions of the Skin • Dermatology is the study of the skin, its structure, function, diseases and treatment • The skin is the largest organ of the body • The six basic functions of the skin are sensation, secretion, absorption, regulation, protection and excretion   

  34. ________ • ________ • ________ SKIN THEORY Face the Facts  Composition of the Skin • The skin has three main layers: epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous • The epidermis is composed of five layers of cells • The dermis includes the sudoriferous and sebaceous glands • The subcutaneous tissue is a protective layer • Melanin tans the skin to protect it from the burning rays of the sun     Types of Skin • The surface of the skin falls into four basic types: dry, oily, normal and combination 

  35. SKIN THEORY Group Assignment: With the assorted materials given to each assigned group, you will create a 3-D model or poster of the following terms: Group 1: Functions of the skin Group 2: Composition of the skin - epidermis Group 3: Composition of the skin - dermis Group 4: Composition of the skin - subcutaneous Group 5: Composition of the skin - skin pigmentation Group 6: Types of skin

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