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SPRINKLER PROTECTION IN ATRIUM SPACES, IS DELUGE AN OPTION?

SPRINKLER PROTECTION IN ATRIUM SPACES, IS DELUGE AN OPTION? . Ing. J.C. (Johan) Hoogeweg DGMR, Netherlands. Introduction :. Objective: To give an insight in the daily practice of a fire engineer regarding High atrium spaces and sprinklers. . The problem? (1). Architect:

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SPRINKLER PROTECTION IN ATRIUM SPACES, IS DELUGE AN OPTION?

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  1. SPRINKLER PROTECTION IN ATRIUM SPACES, IS DELUGE AN OPTION? Ing. J.C. (Johan) Hoogeweg DGMR, Netherlands Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  2. Introduction: Objective: To give an insight in the daily practice of a fire engineer regarding High atrium spaces and sprinklers. Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  3. The problem? (1) • Architect: • Empty atrium / no fire load • Larger and higher (>40 m) • Users: • no limits in usage: • Seating area’s • (Car) exhibition • Service desks • Shops • Libraries • Stages Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  4. The problem? (2) • Dutch building code: • Fire compartiments (FC) max 1.000 m2, 60 minutes rating between FC’s: • Atrium is > 1.000 m2 • Atrium is open with the surrounding floors (no walls/glass) • Atrium wall is glass (60 minutes rating around 400-600 €/m2) • In the past a atrium without fire compartments was acceptable if: • Slow growing fire (max 25 m2 after 30 minutes) • Smoke and heat venting • However this is no longer generally accepted by the fire brigade • Option: Sprinkler to control the fire Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  5. Sprinkler code limits Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  6. Deluge Concept (1) • Concept: • 100% based on existing sprinkler • technology • Apply water over the total area of • the protected space • Density the same as sprinkler code • (depends on hazard) • System activated by fire detection • system • Sidewall sprinklers or sprinklers under • the ceiling Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  7. Will it work (example case)? * source: VdS office OH1 fire test Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  8. ASD Activation • Activation by fire detection system • reliable detection (false detection  • water!) • Always ‘double knock’ system • Smoke detection and flame detection (all directions) • Fire size: • 0.25 m2 • Foam Flamedetection Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  9. Safegards It’s a complex systems, accidental activation of the system is possible! To prevent unwanted activation: • ‘Double knock’ fire detection • Delay in activation of the system (manual override) Sample: Max. delay time [4:00] Detection time flamedetection Detection time smokedetection [3:00] Activation time sprinkler (calculated/fire test) [7:00] time Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  10. Sprinkler heads • Sprinkler heads: • (EC) sidewall sprinklers • (EC) pendent/upright sprinklers • Listed/approved for risk (VdS/LPC/UL/CE) • Glass bulb removed, after pressure test Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  11. Design Area (1) • Design area: • Location 1: total atrium • Location 2: normal design area sprinkler (e.g. EN 12845 OH 72 m2) • Location 3: • Normal sprinklers + Deluge protection? Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  12. Design Area - Zoned systems • Limit water demand en water • Damage • Fire in zone A: • A+B activated • Fire in zone B: • B+C+D activated • Advanced flame detection required (if possible) • Not possible in square or round atriums • More valves and piping required Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  13. Water management In case of activation, water damage could be a issue: • Water in elevator shafts/server rooms/storage  € € € € € € € • Keep in mind: • Water drains • Barriers (2/3 cm is enough) Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  14. Deluge cases

  15. Case 1: Hilton Amsterdam Airport (1) Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  16. Case 1: Hilton Amsterdam Airport (2) • Ceiling height: 42 meters • 676 m2 (26*26 meters) • ‘no limits’ • parking cars • exhibitions • stages • Seating area’s • Sprinkler code: NFPA 13 • Ordinary hazard group 2 Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  17. Case 1: Hilton Amsterdam Airport (3) • Sprinkler design: • Sidewall sprinklers only • Design area sprinkler: • 4,9 * 7,3 m No coverage in the centre of the atrium Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  18. Case 1: Hilton Amsterdam Airport (4) Solution: Sprinkler column

  19. Case 1: Hilton Amsterdam Airport (5) Design area atrium: • 3 columns • 24 sidewall sprinklers Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  20. Case 1: Hilton Amsterdam Airport (6) • Design area -atrium: • 24 sidewall sprinklers • 291 l/min/sprinkler • Water demand: • 24 sprinklers * 291 l/min * 60 minutes *1.2 (hydraulic imbalance) = • 503 m3 Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  21. Case 2: Eneco World, Rotterdam Position of flamedetection • Ceiling level: 25-35 m • Horeca area • Event area • Sprinkler heads: • Sidewall sprinklers • In the koffee corner Position of sprinkler heads Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  22. Conclusion • Is deluge THE solution: NO • Will deluge control a fire: same a sprinkler (maybe better) • Water damage: YES • Fire and smoke damage: Small • Is deluge A solution: in some cases? Fire Sprinkler International 2014

  23. Discussions • Questions, discussions? • jho@dgmr.nl Fire Sprinkler International 2014

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