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Medical Terminology

This comprehensive overview explores the intricate organization of the human body, detailing the levels of structure from cells to systems. It covers the body's major systems, including the circulatory, lymphatic, digestive, endocrine, reproductive, muscular, skeletal, nervous, respiratory, excretory, and integumentary systems. Each system's composition and function are explained, alongside body cavities and critical organs. Objectives include naming body systems, identifying body cavities, listing divisions of the back, and applying medical terminology in practical contexts.

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Medical Terminology

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  1. Medical Terminology Organization of the Body

  2. Organization of the Body Objectives: • To name the body systems and their functions • To identify body cavities and specific organs within them • To list the divisions of the back • To identify three planes of the body • To analyze, pronounce, and spell new terms • To apply medical terms in real-life situations

  3. Levels of structure (Part 1) • Cells • Smallest units in the body, specialized • Different types: • Muscle cells • Nerve cells • Skin (epithelial) cells • Bone cells • And many more!

  4. Levels of structure (Part 2) • Tissues • Similar cells that are grouped together • Examples: muscle tissue, epithelial tissue

  5. Levels of structure (Part 3) • Organs • Several tissues working together to perform a function • Example: Stomach (muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, nerve tissue)

  6. Levels of structure (Part 4) • Systems • Groups of organs working together • 11 major systems in the body

  7. Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System • Transports blood throughout the body and regulates body temperature • Composed of: • Heart • Blood • Blood vessels • arteries, • veins, • capillaries

  8. Lymphatic System • Helps to fight disease aides in immunity and returns fluid to the circulatory system • Composed of: • Spleen, thymus • lymph vessels • Lymph nodes • Lymph, clear fluid containing lymphocytes (WBC)

  9. Digestive System • Brings food into the body and breaks it down so it can be used by the body then eliminates the waste • Composed of: • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Intestines • Liver • Other Accessory Organs

  10. Endocrine System • Controls glands and organs by hormones to regulate growth, development, metabolism and reproduction • Composed of: • Hypothalamus • Pituitary gland • Adrenals • Ovaries and testes • Various Hormones

  11. Reproductive Systems (2) • Male and female systems that are designed to produce reproductive cells • Composed of: • Male: • Organs: Testis, vas deferens, prostate, penis • Hormones: Testosterone • Cells: Sperm • Female: • Organs: Ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina • Hormones: Estrogen, Progesterone • Cells: Ova Pictures on next slide

  12. Muscular System • Works with skeletal system to produce movement and helps with digestion by moving food • Composed of: • Skeletal muscle • Smooth muscle • Cardiac muscle

  13. Skeletal System • Supports body, protects the organs, is the site for blood formation and works with the muscular system to produce movement. • Composed of: • Bones • Cartilage • Ligaments (bone to bone) • Tendons (bone to muscle)

  14. Nervous System • Coordinates the body’s response by carrying electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord. • Composed of: • Brain • Spinal cord • Nerves • Spinal nerves • Carry messages to/from spinal cord • Cranial nerves • Carry messages to/from the brain

  15. Respiratory System • Controls breathing and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the body • Composed of: • Lungs • Bronchioles • Trachea • Larynx (voice box) • Nose/mouth

  16. Excretory(Urinary) System • Elimination of waste products from the body • Urea (nitrogenous waste) is removed from the cells and urine is formed and eliminated. • Composed of: • Skin/Lungs • Kidneys • Ureters • Bladder • Urethra

  17. Integumentary System • Receive messages from the environment and send them to the brain to help regulate body temperature and protect against infection and injury. • Composed of: • Eyes (sensory organ) • Ears (sensory organ) • Fingers/nails (sensory organ) • Hair • Skin (sweat and oil glands)

  18. Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 1 • Bronchial tubes • Respiratory • Cerebrum • Nervous • Coccyx (tailbone) • Skeletal • Colon (large intestine) • Digestive

  19. Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 2 • Esophagus (food tube) • Digestive • Kidneys • Excretory • Larynx (voice box) • Respiratory • Lungs • Respiratory

  20. Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 3 • Ovaries • Female Reproductive • Endocrine • Pharynx (throat) • Digestive • Respiratory • Pituitary gland • Endocrine

  21. Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 4 • Prostate Gland • Male Reproductive • Spinal cord • Nervous • Trachea (windpipe) • Respiratory

  22. Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 5 • Ureters • Excretory • Uterus • Female reproductive • Vertebra (backbone) • Skeletal

  23. Assignment • Body System 1 Worksheet • Body System 2 Worksheet

  24. Body Cavities (Part 1) • Cranial Cavity • Head, surrounded by the skull • Contains brain, pituitary gland

  25. Body Cavities (Part 2) • Thoracic Cavity • Chest cavity, surrounded by the breastbone and ribs • Contains lungs, heart

  26. Thoracic Cavity • Pleura • Double membrane that surrounds the lungs • Pleural cavity • Space between the pleura • Pleural effusion • Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

  27. Thoracic Cavity • Mediastinum • Area between the lungs • Contains: heart, esophagus, trachea and bronchial tubes

  28. Body Cavities (Part 3) • Abdominal Cavity • Area below the thoracic cavity, below the diaphragm (muscle) • Contains stomach, liver, gallbladder, intestines

  29. Abdominal cavity • Diaphragm • Muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity • Creates a negative pressure so the lungs will inflate

  30. Abdominal cavity • Peritoneum • Double membrane that covers organs and attaches them to the muscles • Ascites • Collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity *Mesentery supports the intestines

  31. Abdominal cavity

  32. Body Cavities (Part 4) • Pelvic Cavity • Below the abdominal cavity, surrounded by the pelvis • Contains bladder, ureters, urethra, rectum, anus and uterus (in females)

  33. Body Cavities (Part 5) • Spinal Column • Surrounds the spine • Contains the spinal cord

  34. Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page. Assignment • Body Cavities • Cut out and paste diagram of body cavities into notebook • Label cavities • Page 53 • Write out the 10 meanings, matching them up with the correct term.

  35. Divisions of the Back • Cervical region • Neck • 7 bones (C1-C7) • Thoracic region • Chest • 12 bones (T1-T12) • Lumbar region • Waist • 5 bones (L1-L5) • Sacral region • Lower Back • 5 fused bones (S1-S5) • Coccygeal region • Tailbone (Coccyx) • 4 fused bones

  36. Spinal Column • Vertebra • (Plural)Vertebrae • Bones from the neck to the tailbone that make up the spinal column • Disk/disc • Flexible connective tissue (cartilage) found between each vertebra

  37. Planes of the body • Frontal (Coronal) Plane • Vertical plane • Separates front to back • Anterior • front • Posterior • back • Sagittal (Lateral) Plane • Vertical plane • Separates right to left • Midsagittalplane • equal right and left halves • Transverse (Axial) Plane • Horizontal plane • Cross section – upper and lower sections

  38. Planes of the Body Midsagittal Frontal Transverse (Sagittal)

  39. Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page. Assignment • Divisions of the back • Cut out and paste diagram of the back into notebook • Label divisions • Planes of the body • Cut out and paste diagram of planes of the body into notebook • Label planes

  40. X-ray • Radiograph Left: Coronal (frontal) view spear fishing accident. Top: Sagital (lateral) view of a nail in head.

  41. CT • Computed Tomography scan • Cross-sectional x-ray Hemorrhage

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