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Urbanization and Ethnic Communities in 19th Century America

Explore the prosperity, challenges, and migrations of the 1840-1860 era in America, focusing on urban problems, ethnic communities, Irish and German immigrants, and the development of urban culture and literature. Discover the impact of urbanization on society and the struggles faced by different social classes.

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Urbanization and Ethnic Communities in 19th Century America

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  1. EVERYDAY LIFE: 1840-1860 CHAPTER 11

  2. Prosperity • Upper class • Technology • Transportation INDUSTRY

  3. some improvement • Flushing toilet, running water • Most struggled IMPROVEMENT

  4. Cities N.Y., Chicago Transportation hubs URBANIZATION

  5. Housing segregation • Poor, middle class, rich • No municipal services • Water, sewer, garbage • Epidemic diseases • Changed by 1860 URBAN PROBLEMS

  6. Into America • Throughout America • Trail of Tears, Internal slave trade • Ireland, Germany, Scandinavia MIGRATIONS

  7. Causes? • 1850’s: 1.7 million • “No Irish Need Apply” • Illiterate Catholics peasants • Irish women • Oppression and hardships endured IRISH

  8. This cartoon encounter between a newly arrived Irishman and an African American expresses the fear of many immigrants that they would be treated like blacks and denied the privileges of whiteness. SOURCE:Diogenes,Hys Lantern ,August 21,1852,reprinted from Noel Ignatiev,How the Irish Became White (1995).

  9. Similar to Irish • Skilled, intellectuals • Farming clusters=communities • Today: • Largest ethnic agricultural owners GERMANS

  10. Wright’s Grove, shown here in an 1868 illustration, was the popular picnic grounds and beer garden for the large German community on Chicago’s North Side. Establishments such as this horrified American temperance advocates, who warned about the dangerous foreign notion of mixing alcohol with family fun. SOURCE:Chicago Historical Society.

  11. FIGURE 13.1 Participation of Irish and German Immigrants in NY City Workforce for selected occupations 1855 SOURCE:Robert Ernst,Immigrant Life in New York City 1825 –1863 (Syracuse:Syracuse University Press,1994).

  12. ETHNIC COMMUNITIES • Today? • Surroundings, language, customs • Integrating “old” country

  13. ETHNIC COMMUNITIES • Churches, schools • Concert halls, theaters • Newspapers • Restaurants, shops

  14. Minstrel shows • Popular entertainment • White House, presidents ETHNIC URBAN CULTURE

  15. Literature • Before 1800: classicism • Educated • Showed knowledge • Hawthorne, Melville American renaissance

  16. Popular lit. • Common people • Emotional • True feelings • Regional, local feel • James F. Cooper • Last of the Mohicans • Fictional characters ROMANTICISM

  17. TRANSCENDENTALISM • Middle class • Intellectual, social. literary • R.W. Emerson • “ideal, intuitive reality” • “Transcending” ordinary life • Individual knowledge • “self-reliance” • Nature • Intellectuals and commoners • All could learn • Look inside

  18. TRANSCENDENTALISM • Thoreau • Individualism • Unique character • Quality of life? • Slavery? • Competitive economy? • Materialism? • Conformity? • Basis of industrial America

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