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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Social Identity, Personality, and Gender. Chapter Outline. What is enculturation? How does enculturation influence personality? Are different personalities characteristic of different cultures?. The Self and the Behavioral Environment.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Social Identity, Personality, and Gender

  2. Chapter Outline • What is enculturation? • How does enculturation influence personality? • Are different personalities characteristic of different cultures?

  3. The Self and the Behavioral Environment • Culture is created and learned rather than biologically inherited. • All societies must ensure that culture is transmitted from one generation to the next. • Enculturation begins soon after birth.

  4. Self Awareness • The ability to: • Identify oneself as an object. • React to oneself. • Appraise or evaluate oneself. • Attaching positive value to the self ensures individuals act to their own advantage.

  5. Requirements for Self-awareness • Object orientation - aware of the world of objects other than self. • Spatial orientation - the ability to get from one object, or place, to another. 0

  6. Requirements for Self-awareness • Temporal orientation - able to connect past actions with those in the present and future. • Normative orientation - understanding of cultural values, ideals, and standards.

  7. Personality • Refers to the distinctive ways a person thinks, feels, and behaves. • Most anthropologists believe adult personality is shaped by early childhood experiences. • The economy helps structure the way children are raised and this influences their adult personalities.

  8. Two Patterns of Child Rearing • Dependence training - promotes compliance in and favors keeping individuals within the group. • Independence training - emphasizes individual independence, self-reliance, and personal achievement.

  9. National Character Studies • Focused on the modal characteristics of modern countries. • Many anthropologists believe national character theories are based on unscientific and overgeneralized data.

  10. Unmarried Couples Cohabiting in the U.S.

  11. Ethnic Psychoses And Other Culture-bound Syndromes

  12. Ethnic Psychoses And Other Culture-bound Syndromes

  13. Ethnic Psychoses And Other Culture-bound Syndromes

  14. Ethnic Psychoses And Other Culture-bound Syndromes

  15. Normal Behavior • What defines normal behavior in any culture is determined by the culture itself. • What may be acceptable in one culture may not be in another.

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