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The Characteristics of Living Things. The Characteristics of Living Things. Great Complexity & Cellular Organization Reproduction & Development Responds with the Environment Metabolism Capacity for growth Homeostasis Heredity Evolution (Adaptation). The Hierarchy of Life. Atoms
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The Characteristics of Living Things • Great Complexity & Cellular Organization • Reproduction & Development • Responds with the Environment • Metabolism • Capacity for growth • Homeostasis • Heredity • Evolution (Adaptation)
The Hierarchy of Life • Atoms • Molecules • Organelles • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ Systems • Organisms • Populations • Communities • Ecosystems • Biosphere
Simple Inorganic Molecules • Water (H2O) • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Molecular Oxygen (O2) • Ammonium (NH3) • Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Biological Compounds Categories: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
Cell Organelles nucleus smooth ER mitochondria rough ER golgi
Cells Nerve cell Osteocyte Muscle cell Blood cell
DNA molecule carbon atom organelle cell tissue biosphere ecosystem organ organ system community organism population Levels of Sturctural Organization
Classification: Six kingdom system : Eubacteria Archaebacteria E. coli Cyanobacteria Protista Paramecium Diatom Slime mold Plantae Fungi Animalia
Asexual Reproduction Coral polyp budding
Interaction with the environment • Living things interact with each other and with the environment • Ecology – the study of these interactions • Hawaiian Monk seals eat fish • Humans eat fish • What if something happened to the fish?
Metabolism • The sum total of the chemical processes that occur in living organisms, resulting in growth, production of energy, elimination of waste material, etc. • Anabolism- build up of complex molecules • Catabolism- break down of complex molecules
Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy
Photosynthesis 6H2O + 6CO2 + light C6H12O6 + 6O2
Growth • Organisms require a source of food to provide energy for growth
Autotrophs • Organisms that make their own food (like plants, some protists, and some bacteria) • Plants capture energy from the sun, use water and carbon dioxide to make sugars and starches Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis
Heterotrophs • Organisms that take in food to meet their energy needs • Animals must consume autotrophs (plants), and other heterotrophs to meet their energy needs
Homeostasis • Maintenance of constant internal conditions in varying environments • Adaptation of organisms to specific environments
Homeostasis Three big problems • Obtaining energy and nutrients • Maintaining temperature • Obtaining and holding onto water
Temperature Control Ectotherms (Poikilotherms) • Generate body heat metabolically, but cannot maintain constant internal body temperature • Body temperature mimics the surrounding environment
Ectotherms • Most ectotherms regulate their body temperature by • basking • moving between shade/sun • being active at certain times of day
Temperature Control Endotherms (homeothermic) • Generate body heat metabolically and body temperature does not match the temperature of the surrounding environment • These organisms retain metabolic heat and can control metabolism to maintain a constant internal temperature
Heredity • Transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring • Instructions from parent to offspring are passed on in the form of genes
DNA Contains information for almost all cell activities
Heritable variations Banding pattern Dwarfism Eye color Beak Depth Blood type
Evolution Change in the genetic composition of a population through time
Mechanisms Contributing to Evolutionary Change • Production of heritable variations • Natural Selection • Chance
Adaptations The structural, functional, and behavioral features that contribute to the success of a species.