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NON-VASCULAR PLANTS. JRMG 2010 Bio1. WHAT ARE PLANTS?????. KINGDOM PLANTAE. Multicellular eukaryotes CW: cellulose Chlorophyll a and b “STATIONARY ANIMALS EAT SUNLIGHT” Immobile Alternation of Generations. Basic Plant LIFE CYCLE. NEEDS of PLANTS. Sunlight Water Minerals Gas.
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NON-VASCULAR PLANTS JRMG 2010 Bio1
KINGDOM PLANTAE • Multicellular eukaryotes • CW: cellulose • Chlorophyll a and b • “STATIONARY ANIMALS EAT SUNLIGHT” • Immobile • Alternation of Generations
NEEDS of PLANTS • Sunlight • Water • Minerals • Gas
Overview of Plant Evolution • Algae- water • Land plants • Light and CO2 • Water and Minerals • Shoot system • Cuticle (2º product) • Lignin • Sporopollenin*
PLANT EVOLUTION:AS EMBRYOPHYTES • Gametes: non-aquatic environment • Embryos: protected • From EARLY PLANTS: • Gametangia • Production, protection, site of fertilization • Transformation to Embryophytes
EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS • Oxygen existence • Algae • Photosynthetic prokaryotes • Ancestral algal species • Charophytes • Cooksonia
CHAROPHYTES • branch of Phylum Chlorophyta • plant ancestor Chara braunii
CHAROPHYTES Chaetosporidium Choleochaete orbicularis
History of Terrestrial Adaptation Charophytes: aquatic ancestors • 1ST ADAPTATION: Spores→Sporopollenin • Jacketed gametangia • EMERGENCE OF BRYOPHYTES
Sporopollenin Cuticle
2ND ADAPTATION: Vascular tissues • EMERGENCE OF VASCULAR PLANTS
3RD ADAPTATION: ORIGIN OF SEED • Colonization of land plants • Naked seeds • EMERGENCE OF GYMNOSPERMS
4TH ADAPTATION: Modification of seeds • Protective coat • EMERGENCE OF ANGIOSPERMS
BREAKDOWN OF K. PLANTAE • Non- vascular plants • P. Bryophyta, P. Hepatophyta and P. Anthocerophyta • Vascular plants/ TRACHEOPHYTA • Gymnosperms • Angiosperms
NON- VASCULAR PLANTS • Without vascular tissue • Life cycle depends: water (reproduction)
PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA • Environment: water • Moist habitat and nutrient poor soil • Can tolerate low temp • STRUCTURE • Stalk + capsule= sporophyte • Leaf like and stem like structure • gametophyte • Life cycle (http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/bio213/plants.html)
PHYLUM HEPATOPHYTA • Liverworts • Gametophyte: umbrella like (gametangia) • Archaegonium • Antheridium • ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: Gemmae • Haploid cells • Gemmae cups
Female gametophyte Male gametophyte
PHYLUM ANTHOCEROPHYTA • Damp soil • Sporophyte: horn-like • Sporophyte reamins attached to the gametophyte • divides continuously • Large chloropast/cell
Anthoceros Dendroceros
LIFE CYCLE: SEXUAL