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The First World War

The First World War. McIntyre. Boys and Girls! War Savings Stamps Poster by James Montgomery Flagg 1917-18. The First World War:. What?. When?. War involving nearly all the nations of the world. 1914-1918. 1st World War in history Great War or War to End all War

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The First World War

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  1. The First World War McIntyre Boys and Girls! War Savings Stamps Poster by James Montgomery Flagg 1917-18

  2. The First World War: What? • When? • War involving nearly all the nations of the world • 1914-1918

  3. 1st World War in history • Great War or War to End all War • Not called WWI until after WWII • Total war • Involved 60 nationsand 6 continents

  4. The First World War: • Long term - • Alliance system-European nations began forming military alliances with one another to maintain a balance of power …….. • 2. Imperialism – competition for colonies • Militarism -stockpiling of weapons • Nationalism- to act in the country’s own national interest. • Why? Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his Wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg one hour before their deaths, June 28, 1914 Short term - Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire

  5. The First World War: • Who? Central Powers: Allies: Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Russia (leaves 1917) France Great Britain Italy Japan United States (1917)

  6. The First World War: • Where?

  7. US IN 1914 • Panama Canal was completed in August of 1914 just a week before WWI began in Europe. • Woodrow Wilson became President in 1912. • Americans were shocked by the outbreak of war but…………..it was in Europe. • US was officially NEUTRAL

  8. Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the war? • America was isolationist • “Why should I get involved in someone else’s problems”

  9. American Opinions • 3 groups • Isolationists- Stay out of war • Interventionists- U.S. should intervene on side of Allies • Internationalists- Get involved only to solve the problem and promote peace.

  10. Which side should the US pick? Central Powers: Allies: • 11 million German-Americans • Irish-Americans hated Great Britain • Close cultural ties • Shared transatlantic cables (so censored stories) • Big business loaned much $ to allies US Exports to both sides:

  11. What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades • Britain blockaded (stopped) all German ships going to America • Germany announced a submarine war around Britain Y-53 German Submarine 1916

  12. What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades • In May, 1915 Germany told Americans to stay off of British ships • They could/would sink them

  13. What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades • Lusitania torpedoed, sinking with 1200 passengers and crew (including 128 Americans) • Was eventually found to be carrying 4200 cases of ammunition German Propaganda Justifying Lusitania sinking

  14. What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades • The US sharply criticized Germany for their action • Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without warning in the future Note in Bottle After Lusitania Disaster

  15. What did it take to get the US involved? 2. Unlimited Submarine Warfare • 1917 Germany announced “unlimited submarine warfare” in the war zone Why? Otherwise their blockade would not be successful

  16. What did it take to get the US involved? 3. Zimmerman Note • US intercepted a note from Germany to Mexico, • It promised Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona back in return for an alliance • Wanted Mexico to attack U. S. to keep us busy and out of the war.

  17. What did it take to get the US involved? • Zimmerman Note + the sinking of 4 unarmed American ships led to a declaration of war

  18. Convincing the American People • Posters - Gee!! • Propaganda like this poster helped to convince the American people that the war was a good idea?

  19. What did the US do to help? Supplies: • US provided the food, money, and fresh toops needed to win the war American Troops March Through London

  20. Convincing the American People Idealism: Fourteen Points What?President Wilson’s Plan for after the war • Fourteen promises, including freedom of the seas & a League of Nations to work for peace President Woodrow Wilson

  21. How did the War Affect the US? Women • Women filled factory jobs • May have led 19th Ammendment after the war (Gave women the right to vote) African Americans • Black soldiers still served in Segregated Units • “Great Migration” - thousands of African Americans moved North to work in factories

  22. How did the War Affect the US? Enforcing Loyalty • Hatred of all things German • Ex. “Liberty Cabbage” What "patriotic" Americans called sauerkraut during the World War I years during the height of anti-German hysteria here in the United States. • Sauerkraut was renamed liberty cabbage to remove the German connotation, • Espionage Act 1917 Espionage Act essentially made it a crime for any person to convey information intended to interfere with the U.S. armed forces prosecution of the war effort or to promote the success of the country's enemies. - • Sedition Act of 1918 punished those against the war (many labor leaders)

  23. Cost of War • $400 billion • $10 million dollars an hour • 16 million deaths • First war of the Industrial Revolution…… • New Weaponsvsold tactics of fighting

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