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THE FIRST WORLD WAR:

THE FIRST WORLD WAR: . ITS ORIGINS, 1871 - 1914. EUROPE 1860 - 1870. GERMANY UNITED 1871. VON BISMARC K. ITALY UNITED 1860 . CAVOUR. GERMANY IN 1871.

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THE FIRST WORLD WAR:

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  1. THE FIRST WORLD WAR: ITS ORIGINS, 1871 - 1914

  2. EUROPE 1860 - 1870 GERMANY UNITED 1871 VON BISMARCK ITALY UNITED 1860 CAVOUR

  3. GERMANY IN 1871 • Germany unified under the leadership of Prussia. • France #1 before German unification • France tried to stop unification by going to war with Prussia in 1870. • France defeated & humiliated by loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany. • Afraid France wants revenge so must make sure army is stronger than France’s. Otto von Bismarck

  4. FRANCE IN 1871 • France was #1 in Europe for 200 years. • Humiliated after defeat in Franco-Prussian with the loss of Alsace-Lorraine • Determined to have revenge so began to build up army La Revenge A-L

  5. RUSSIA IN 1871 • Russia was France’s biggest rival during the Napoleonic Wars. • During 1800s, Russia turned away from European affairs to concentrate on expansion eastwards into Asia. • Russia remained a peasant society, with little industry, and ruled by repression. TSAR NICHOLAS II (1894-1917

  6. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY IN 1871 • Was traditional power of Central Europe for centuries. • Main concern was extending influence into the Balkans • Internal divisions in the empire became apparent and weakened its position as a European power. Franz-Joseph

  7. POPULATION MIX IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

  8. GREAT BRITAIN IN 1871 ROYAL NAVY – PROTECTOR OF THE EMPIRE QUEEN VICTORIA INDUSTRIALISATION, EMPIRE AND TRADE • 1st to ‘industrialize’ which made Britain rich and powerful. • Possessed world’s largest empire (1/4 of the Earth) • Main concerns = protecting her empire; developing trade. • Didn’t involve itself in European political and military affairs unless the ‘balance of power’ was threatened.

  9. 1888 – A NEW EMPEROR FOR GERMANY KAISER WILHELM II (1888-1918) HIS PERSONAL AMBITIONS: • obsessed with making Germany a world power. • His actions increased tensions and distrust among European powers. • Germany became caught in an arms race on 2 fronts – military with France, naval with Britain.

  10. Alliances

  11. King George & Kaiser Wilhelm

  12. THE NAVAL RACE 1906-1914 THE GERMAN CHALLENGE TO BRITAIN’S NAVAL SUPREMACY Kaiser Wilhelm and King George V • Traditionally Germany had friendly relations with Great Britain. • Wilhelm’s ambitions for a world empire soured relations between Britain and Germany. Germany would need to build a large navy in order to acquire colonies. This led to a ‘Naval Race’ (1906-1914) • By building a strong navy, Germany pushed Britain into allying with France and Russia in the ‘Triple Entente’.

  13. SERBIA 1908-1914 • Turkey known as the “Sick Man of Europe” because it was losing control over the Balkans. • Both Austria-Hungary and Russia were interested in taking over the Balkans. • By 1900s, many Balkan peoples had won independence from Turkey • Serbia was the most powerful and wished to unite all Serb peoples. • This led to bitter rivalry with Austria-Hungary.

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