Classification and Taxonomy

1. Classification and Taxonomy Pre-AP Biology

2. I. Introduction Phylogeny- the evolutionary history of a species or a group of related species Taxonomy- the science of classifying organisms based on similarities and differences • first done by the Greek philosopher Aristotle more than 2,000 years ago • classified living things as either animals or plants • In the 1700’s, Carolus Linnaeus devised a method of grouping organisms into hierarchical categories.

3. Binomial Nomenclature- Two-part naming system using an organisms Genus and species names. ex. Canisfamiliarus • Genus is capitalized, species is lower case • If being typed, whole thing italicized, if hand written, underline

4. All organisms have:Common name – changes from place to placeScientific name – same every where Mountain Lion Puma Cougar Deer tiger Red tiger Catamount Panther Puma concolor

5. Other reasons to not use common names… • spider monkey • sea monkey • sea horse • gray wolf • firefly • crayfish • mud puppy • horned toad • ringworm • black bear • jellyfish

6. II. Classification A. Two systems of species classification: 5/6- Kingdom Scheme3- Domain Scheme - Monera(archea/Eu) - Bacteria - Protista - Archaea - Fungi - Eukarya - Plantae - Animalia

8. Three Domains

9. B. Levels of Classification: